Abstract: A drinking water dispenser heats and cools drinking water supplied from a water supply bottle, and provides heated and cooled drinking water. The dispenser includes a cold water tank, a hot water tank, a water supply pipe, a valve, a by-pass pipe, a by-pass valve and a control unit. The valve opens and closes a water outlet for taking in the drinking water from the water supply bottle according to a level of the drinking water in the cold water tank, limits supply of the drinking water to the cold water tank, and, while the water outlet is shut, suppresses convection of the drinking water and/or heat of the drinking water between the water supply bottle and the cold water tank.

Abstract: A drinking water dispenser heats and cools drinking water supplied from a water supply bottle, and provides heated and cooled drinking water. The dispenser includes a cold water tank, a hot water tank, a water supply pipe, a valve, a by-pass pipe, a by-pass valve and a control unit. The valve opens and closes a water outlet for taking in the drinking water from the water supply bottle according to a level of the drinking water in the cold water tank, limits supply of the drinking water to the cold water tank, and, while the water outlet is shut, suppresses convection of the drinking water and/or heat of the drinking water between the water supply bottle and the cold water tank.

Abstract: The shopping server provides an online shopping service with retrieving information of items handled, relations among the items, user's purchase history, user's request, and the like via the internet or the intrafirm network. The shopping server generates electronic catalogs personalized for each user based on the retrieved information so as to show useful and helpful information to each user. The catalogs are categorized in accordance with the purposes. Some of the categories are fulfilled by the automatic entry in accordance with the item relations or the user's purchase through the online shopping service, while the others are fulfilled by the user's arbitrary designation. The shopping server presents the generated catalogs to the users via the internet, so that the categories are switchable and customizable by the user.

Abstract: There are provided a vertical geometry light emitting diode package aggregate useful for the production of a light emitting device having a vertical geometry light emitting diode as the light source, the light emitting device satisfying requirements in terms of current capacity flowed for light emission, dissipation of heat generated due to flow of a large current, resistance to thermal stress, strength of device and light emission efficiency, and a method for producing a light emitting device having a vertical geometry light emitting diode as the light source by using the package aggregate.

Abstract: A light emitting device, and a production method thereof, is provided having for a light source thereof a vertical geometry light emitting diode, that allows a large current to flow through the vertical geometry light emitting diode and takes into consideration the dissipation of heat occurring at that time or the expansion and contraction of a metal member due to thermal stress caused by that heat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light emitting diode package for mounting a light emitting diode, a light emitting diode device with the light emitting diode package mounting a vertical electrode type light emitting diode thereon and a manufacturing method for manufacturing the light emitting device. The light emitting diode package of the invention comprises at least a molding, and a first clip 122 and a second clip 123 fitted on the molding. The molding has at least a first opening 1212 and a second opening 1213 formed in a bottom portion thereof. The molding also has a reflecting portion 1214 formed around the first opening 1212 and the second opening 1213 for reflecting light. The molding further has a fluorescent film member mounting portion 1113 formed integrally for mounting a fluorescent film member 116 in the opening of the reflecting portion 1214.

Abstract: There are provided a vertical geometry light emitting diode package aggregate useful for the production of a light emitting device having a vertical geometry light emitting diode as the light source, the light emitting device satisfying requirements in terms of current capacity flowed for light emission, dissipation of heat generated due to flow of a large current, resistance to thermal stress, strength of device and light emission efficiency, and a method for producing a light emitting device having a vertical geometry light emitting diode as the light source by using the package aggregate.

Abstract: A light emitting device, and a production method thereof, is provided having for a light source thereof a vertical geometry light emitting diode, that allows a large current to flow through the vertical geometry light emitting diode and takes into consideration the dissipation of heat occurring at that time or the expansion and contraction of a metal member due to thermal stress caused by that heat.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each of which has a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch according to the present invention includes a 3-dB coupler (16) placed on an input, a 3-dB coupler (17) placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section (18) that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: An optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each have a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch includes a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: An optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each have a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch includes a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: An optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each have a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch includes a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: An optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each have a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch includes a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: An optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each have a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch includes a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-xO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: An optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each have a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch includes a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<2, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each of which has a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch according to the present invention includes a 3-dB coupler (16) placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler (17) placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section (18) that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: The shopping server provides an online shopping service with retrieving information of items handled, relations among the items, user's purchase history, user's request, and the like via the internet or the intrafirm network. The shopping server generates electronic catalogs personalized for each user based on the retrieved information so as to show useful and helpful information to each user. The catalogs are categorized in accordance with the purposes. Some of the categories are fulfilled by the automatic entry in accordance with the item relations or the user's purchase through the online shopping service, while the others are fulfilled by the user's arbitrary designation. The shopping server presents the generated catalogs to the users via the internet, so that the categories are switchable and customizable by the user.