Abstract: The work implement requirement determination unit determines a work implement required horsepower on the basis of an operation amount of a work implement operating member and a hydraulic pressure of a hydraulic pump. A transmission requirement determination unit determines a transmission required horsepower on the basis of a vehicle speed and the operation amount of the accelerator operating member. An engine requirement determination unit determines an engine required horsepower on the basis of the work implement required horsepower and the transmission required horsepower. The required throttle determination unit determines a required throttle value based on an engine requirement.

Abstract: The power-transmission device has an input shaft, an output shaft, a gear mechanism, and a motor. The gear mechanism includes a plurality of planetary gear mechanisms and a mode-switching mechanism, and transmits the rotations of the input shaft to the output shaft. The mode-switching mechanism selectively switches the drive-power transmission path of the power-transmission device between a plurality of modes. The motor is connected to the rotating elements of the planetary gear mechanisms. A target-input-torque determination unit determines the target input torque, which is a target value for the torque to be inputted to the power-transmission device. The target-output-torque determination unit determines the target output torque, which is a target value for the torque to be outputted from the power-transmission device. The command-torque determination unit uses the torque balance information to determine torque commands to the motor from the target input torque and the target output torque.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends,there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: A melt level or the gap between a melt surface and a heat shield is measured accurately irrespective of how the melt surface is. A laser beam from a range-finding unit is reflected by a scanning mirror and projected on a melt surface through an entrance window and a quartz prism in a chamber of a puller. After specular reflection, the beam forms a measurement spot in the bottom of a heat shield and scatters. Part of the scatter, after specular reflection at the melt surface (secondary reflection), passes through the prism, the entrance window and the scanning mirror to the range-finding unit. The range-finding unit carries out triangulation using the distance between a laser source and a photodetector therein, and the angle of incidence and the angle of the received laser beam.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: A method of battle in a video game is prepared with a larger number of variations of fighting characters presented so that an element of fun in a battle can be extended. In the method of battle in a video game using an information terminal, an image captured by a camera is set as a fighting character, and the set fighting character is made to battle with another fighting character on a screen. A capability value is set for each of the fighting characters according to the attribute information, etc. about an image captured by a camera, and a winner is determined depending on each capability value of a fighting character.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: A melt level or the gap between a melt surface and a heat shield is measured accurately irrespective of how the melt surface is. A laser beam (2) from a range-finding unit (8) is reflected by a scanning mirror (24) and projected on a melt surface (3) through an entrance window (18) and a quartz prism (20) in a chamber (17) of a puller. After specular reflection, the beam forms a measurement spot (31) in the bottom of a heat shield (16) and scatters. Part of the scatter, after specular reflection at the melt surface (3) (secondary reflection), passes through the prism (20), the entrance window (18) and the scanning mirror (24) to the range-finding unit (8). The range-finding unit (8) carries out triangulation using the distance between a laser source and a photodetector therein, and the angle of incidence and the angle of the received laser beam.

Abstract: A device for producing single-crystal ingot, provided with coolers (19) using a piping system through which cooling water failure caused by water leakage and at the same time to find out conditions for maximizing a production efficiency, the coolers (19) are disposed at portions of the inner sides of thermal shielding elements (18) and the lower ends (19a) of cooling pipes are so set as to be positioned up to 150 mm high from the surface (12a) of molten silicon liquid.

Abstract: In a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal puller equipped with a cooler and a thermal insulation member, which are to be disposed in a CZ furnace, smooth recharge and additional charge of material are made possible. Further, elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method can be performed smoothly. To these ends, there is provided a CZ single crystal puller, wherein a cooler and a thermal insulation member are immediately moved upward away from a melt surface during recharge or additional charge of material or during elimination of dislocations from a silicon seed crystal by use of the Dash's neck method.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for producing a single crystal ingot capable of stably manufacturing a single crystal ingot by means of the Czochralski method, without being affected by influence of variation in extension of wires or an offset in points clamped by a clamping member. The clamping member is engaged with an engagement step formed in a single crystal which is being pulled by the CZ method, and the single crystal is pulled. The single crystal ingot manufacturing apparatus is provided with a flexible mechanism for absorbing variation in extension of the wires, in intermediate portions of the wires. Variation in extension of the wires is eliminated by means of the flexible mechanism, thereby retaining the single crystal in an upright position. Further, a sacrifice member which deforms so as to conform to the circumference of the engagement step is interposed between the clamping member and the engagement step, thereby preventing occurrence of cracking or deformation in the single crystal.

Abstract: According to the gear shift controlling device of the automatic transmission of the present invention, by using an engine load signal for which decreasing change was tempered, in the case where the actual engine load decreases the working state of engine is prevented from crossing the gear shift line for shift up on a gear shift diagram at the time of deceleration running with an accelerator pedal closed. Therefore, contingent shift up at deceleration running can be prevented and lack of working of the engine brake can be eliminated. In addition, unnecessary shift down following the shift up can be prevented and proper gear shift control according to the running state can be carried out.

Abstract: An apparatus for computing an exponential function a.sup.x with an N radix computer where a represents a positive constant and where X is a variable. The apparatus includes an X register for storing X and a generator which sequentially generates the logarithmic value log.sub.a (1+N.sup.-k) or N.sup.k .multidot.log.sub.a (1+N.sup.-k) for values of k raning from o to m. Subtracting apparatus is provided which, for each logarithmic value generated, repeatedly subtracts the logarithmic value from the contents of the X register and stores the remainder in the X register until the contents of the register are less than the logarithmic value. The number of such repeated subtractions performed for each logarithmic value generated is stored in a Z register.

Abstract: A calculator for calculating a.sup.x with the base a of an optional positive number comprises a first circuit for calculating log.sub.10 a. A multiplier calculates x.multidot.log.sub.10 a,which is separated into an integral part z.sub.i and a fractional part z.sub.f. The integer z.sub.i represents the place of the decimal point in the desired result. A second circuit calculates 10.sup.z .sbsp.f which gives the desired result as a number equal to or greater than unity and smaller than ten. The number is stored in a register without the decimal point. With the decimal point put as indicated by the integer z.sub.i, the number gives the desired result. A second circuit may comprise a combination of operation registers, a multiplier, and an adder for calculating the power by combination of multiplication and addition.