Abstract: A forward Raman amplifier includes a plurality of pumping light sources with different wavelengths and the forward Raman amplifier, according to a fiber type or a zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber, changes the number of pumping light sources to be emitted, changes a power ratio between the plurality of pumping light sources with the different wavelengths or changes wavelength characteristics of a gain, according to a fiber type.

Abstract: A dielectric layer (170) faces a surface of alight transmissive electrode (120) opposite to a surface facing an organic functional layer (110). Then, a light transmissive substrate (140) faces a surface of the dielectric layer (170) opposite to a surface facing the light transmissive electrode (120). At least apart of an optical angle change unit (150) is positioned in the dielectric layer (170) in a thickness direction of the light transmissive substrate (140). Light incident on the dielectric layer (170), for example, is reflected by a side surface of the optical angle change unit (150), and thus an incident angle with respect to a first surface (141) of the light transmissive substrate (140) decreases.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes at least one insulating bank disposed on a translucent substrate, a translucent electrode in contact with the bank, an organic layer containing a light-emitting layer and formed on the translucent electrode, and a reflection electrode formed on the organic layer. The bank is made from a translucent dielectric material having a low refractive index that is equal to or less than that of the organic layer. The bank has a side face that is a slope inclined with respect to the translucent substrate. The side face has a concave surface shape that faces the light-emitting layer from a slope in contact with the light-emitting layer to a slope in contact with a portion of the organic layer in the vicinity of the reflection electrode.

Abstract: Systems and methods for obtaining and/or maintaining a column height of an electrolyte relative to a separator surface within an energy storage device. Embodiments of the invention provide a wicking component, a current collector, and a bias component. The current collector is positioned to force the bias component to press the wicking component tight to an inner surface of a separator. The bias component maintains contact between the wicking component and the surface of separator and creates a capillary gap in which sodium wicks.

Abstract: In conventional organic EL light-emitting devices, the ITO used for a transparent electrode has a refractive index of about 2.0 larger than the refractive index of 1.5 of a transparent glass substrate. As a result, the mode of most of light traveling from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate is the transparent electrode guided mode, and no light is emitted from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate. According to the invention, the light extraction efficiency of conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices is improved by using mode conversion means so as to solve the problem that conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices have low light extraction efficiencies. A light-emitting device of the invention comprises a light-emitting layer on a substrate and mode conversion means for converting the mode from the guided mode into an emission mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods for obtaining and/or maintaining a column height of an electrolyte relative to a separator surface within an energy storage device. Embodiments of the invention provide a wicking component, a current collector, and a bias component. The current collector is positioned to force the bias component to press the wicking component tight to an inner surface of a separator. The bias component maintains contact between the wicking component and the surface of separator and creates a capillary gap in which sodium wicks.

Abstract: There is provided a surface-coated body equipped with a hard film that has high adherence and exerts excellent wear resistance. In a surface-coated body in which the surface of a base body is coated with at least one layer of a hard film constituted of one or more of nitride, nitrooxide, carbonitride and carbonitrooxide including at least Ti and Al, the hard film contains 0.01-1% by mass of one or more inert gas elements selected from He, Ne, Ar, Xe, Kr and Rn based on the total mass of the hard film, and, among peaks detected with the X-ray diffraction method for the hard film, the peak caused by the (111) plane of the crystal has the highest intensity.

Abstract: A veneer laminated material formed by improving a laminated material formed in a plate or column shape by stacking a plurality of sheet-like veneers overlapping with each other and adhering them to each other, and a method of manufacturing the veneer laminated material. The method comprises the steps of forming the veneers into parquet-like veneers formed by longitudinally arranging the plurality of divided small veneer pieces in a parquetry pattern continuously with each other, intersecting the fiber directions of the parquet-like veneers aslant with the longitudinal side ends of the parquet-like veneers, and laminating and forming the veneer laminated material by arranging the fiber directions of the parquet-like veneers adjacent to each other in a laminated layer cross section so as to be reversed to each other and intersected with each other.

Abstract: A production method of a transfer body with an organic film thermal-transferred thereon, which can be preferably inhibit the mass transfer from occurring, is provided. After a convex structure 1 which is a step structure which is formed around an outer edge of a position of a thermal transfer receptor on a surface of a substrate 10 and higher than an outer edge of the position of thermal transfer receptor is disposed, with a donor sheet 200 which is an organic film-forming body on a surface of which a hole injection layer 162 is formed, light energy due to laser 210 is coverted into thermal energy, to thermal-transfer the hole injection layer 162 from a surface of the donor sheet 200 on a surface of the substrate 10, to produce a transfer body with an organic film thermal-transferred thereon.

Abstract: A veneer laminated material formed by improving a laminated material formed in a plate or column shape by stacking a plurality of sheet-like veneers overlappingly with each other and adhering them to each other, and a method of manufacturing the veneer laminated material. The method comprises the steps of forming the veneers into parquet-like veneers formed by longitudinally arranging the plurality of divided small veneer pieces in a parquetry pattern continuously with each other, intersecting the fiber directions of the parquet-like veneers aslant with the longitudinal side ends of the parquet-like veneers, and laminating and forming the veneer laminated material by arranging the fiber directions of the parquet-like veneers adjacent to each other in a laminated layer cross section so as to be reversed to each other and intersected with each other.

Abstract: A veneer laminated material formed by improving a laminated material formed in a plate or column shape by stacking a plurality of sheet-like veneers overlapping with each other and adhering them to each other, and a method of manufacturing the veneer laminated material. The method comprises the steps of forming the veneers into parquet-like veneers formed by longitudinally arranging the plurality of divided small veneer pieces in a parquetry pattern continuously with each other, intersecting the fiber directions of the parquet-like veneers aslant with the longitudinal side ends of the parquet-like veneers, and laminating and forming the veneer laminated material by arranging the fiber directions of the parquet-like veneers adjacent to each other in a laminated layer cross section so as to be reversed to each other and intersected with each other.

Abstract: In conventional organic EL light-emitting devices, the ITO used for a transparent electrode has a refractive index of about 2.0 larger than the refractive index of 1.5 of a transparent glass substrate. As a result, the mode of most of light traveling from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate is the transparent electrode guided mode, and no light is emitted from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate. According to the invention, the light extraction efficiency of conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices is improved by using mode conversion means so as to solve the problem that conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices have low light extraction efficiencies. A light-emitting device of the invention comprises a light-emitting layer on a substrate and mode conversion means for converting the mode from the guided mode into an emission mode.

Abstract: There is provided a surface-coated body equipped with a hard film that has high adherence and exerts excellent wear resistance. In a surface-coated body in which the surface of a base body is coated with at least one layer of a hard film constituted of one or more of nitride, nitrooxide, carbonitride and carbonitrooxide including at least Ti and Al, the hard film contains 0.01-1% by mass of one or more inert gas elements selected from He, Ne, Ar, Xe, Kr and Rn based on the total mass of the hard film, and, among peaks detected with the X-ray diffraction method for the hard film, the peak caused by the (111) plane of the crystal has the highest intensity.

Abstract: There is provided a cemented carbide comprising a hard phase component which comprises a tungsten carbide (WC) and at least one selected from carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of metals of the groups 4a, 5a and 6a in the periodic table; and a binder phase component comprising at least one of iron-group metals, wherein the surface region of the cemented carbide has 90–98% of the minimum hardness as compared with internal hardness, thereby having high hardness and toughness which is suitable to using as a cutting tool.

Abstract: A veneer laminated material formed by improving a laminated material (2) formed in a plate or column shape by stacking a plurality of sheet-like veneers overlappingly with each other and adhering them to each other, and a method of manufacturing the veneer laminated material. The method comprises the steps of forming the veneers into parquet-like veneers (2a) formed by longitudinally arranging the plurality of divided small veneer pieces (1a) in a parquetry pattern continuously with each other, intersecting the fiber directions (a) of the parquet-like veneers aslant with the longitudinal side ends of the parquet-like veneers (2a), and laminating and forming the veneer laminated material by arranging the fiber directions (a) of the parquet-like veneers (2a) adjacent to each other in a laminated layer cross section so as to be reversed to each other and intersected with each other.

Abstract: There is provided a cemented carbide comprising a hard phase component which comprises a tungsten carbide (WC) and at least one selected from carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of metals of the groups 4a, 5a and 6a in the periodic table; and a binder phase component comprising at least one of iron-group metals, wherein the surface region of the cemented carbide has 90-98% of the minimum hardness as compared with internal hardness, thereby having high hardness and toughness which is suitable to using as a cutting tool.

Abstract: An organic EL device comprising: 1) a laminate consisting of an opposed pair of electrodes and an organic light-emitting layer sandwiched between the electrode, 2) a gas-tight housing accommodating the laminate and shielding off the external atmosphere, and 3) a sheet-like preformed moisture-absorbing body which is stretched and fabricated outside the gas-tight housing in advance, disposed in isolation from the laminate within the gas-tight housing, the preformed moisture-absorbing body being fixedly secured to at least one part of the gas-tight housing, and the preformed moisture-absorbing body comprising a desiccant and a resin component.

Abstract: There is provided a more expedient and positive desiccating means for an organic EL device. The invention relates to an organic EL device comprising 1) a laminate consisting of an opposed pair of electrodes and an organic light-emitting layer sandwiched between the electrodes, 2) a gas-tight housing accommodating the laminate and shielding off the external atmosphere and 3) a desiccating means disposed in isolation from the laminate within the gas-tight housing, characterized in that a preformed moisture-absorbing artifact as the desiccating means is fixedly secured to at least one part of the gas-tight housing and further to a method of manufacturing the same device.

Abstract: Provision of an organic electroluminescent display panel having an increased life span and a decreased thickness. The organic electroluminescent display panel comprises an organic layer formed on a glass substrate, a sealing member provided on the substrate for covering the organic layer. A drying agent is provided inside the sealing member, also provided inside the sealing member is an initial moisture absorbent constituted by a photopolymerization initiator-containing resin capable of absorbing moisture by a photopolymerization reaction. Immediately after the sealing member is attached, the initial moisture absorbent is allowed to produce an effect of removing the initial moisture existing inside the sealing member.

Abstract: There is provided a cemented carbide comprising a hard phase component which comprises a tungsten carbide (WC) and at least one selected from carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of metals of the groups 4a, 5a and 6a in the periodic table; and a binder phase component comprising at least one of iron-group metals, wherein the surface region of the cemented carbide has 90-98% of the minimum hardness as compared with internal hardness, thereby having high hardness and toughness which is suitable to using as a cutting tool.