Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing 9-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl-8-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazole-3-carbonitrile, and is industrially preferable, allowing an objective substance to be obtained in high yield more safely and easily than the conventional method.

Abstract: Provided is a toner used for developing an electrostatic image using as a binder resin, a low molecular weight polymer having less odor, which is obtained by emulsion-polymerizing a radical-polymerizable unsaturated monomer at a temperature of 115° C. or higher in the presence or absence of a chain transfer agent.

Abstract: A polymer of a low molecular weight having a very little odor is produced by emulsion-polymerizing a radical-polymerizable unsaturated monomer at a temperature of 115° C. or higher in the presence or absence of a chain transfer agent.

Abstract: A process for producing a binder resin for toners for developing electrostatic images, characterized by involving the step of stirring and thereby mixing a resin solution and an emulsified resin dispersion, and simultaneously or thereafter removing water and the solvent to give a solvent-free resin mixture composition.

Abstract: A process for producing a binder resin for a toner comprising the steps of (1) mixing a substantially solventless resin (A) and an emulsion of a resin (B) different from resin (A) with stirring and (2) evaporating water from the mixture of resin (A) and the emulsion of resin (B) simultaneously with or after the step (1) to obtain a substantially solventless resin composition.

Abstract: A non-aqueous dispersion type coating resin composition which is excellent in pigment dispersibility and adhesive properties to various base material surfaces, can be made to have a high solid content, can be applied thick, and can form coat having good physical properties such as water resistance, alkali resistance and weatherability, and comprises(A) an organic solvent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent as a main component,(B) an acrylic polymer which contains therein 0.2 to 30 weight % of a repeating unit represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group,m is an integer of 3 to 11, andn is a number of 1 to 10,and is soluble in the above organic solvent (A), and(C) polymer fine particles substantially insoluble in the above organic solvent (A).

Abstract: The present invention provides a powder coating composition comprising a resin powder comprising a film-forming resin and a crosslinking agent capable of giving rise to a crosslinking reaction with the resin, wherein the resin powder has a volume-average particle diameter of 3-17 .mu.m and a shape factor (SF) of 100.5-160. This powder coating composition can form a coating film having luster and smoothness and can be applied in a thin film.

Abstract: A colored toner for developing electrostatic images which has a degree of gelation of 2.0% or less and comprises an association of secondary particles containing polymer particles having acidic polar groups or basic polar groups and an organic pigment and/or an organic dye treated with a treatment agent containing a surface treatment agent which has the same ionic character as the polymer particles so that the absolute value of .zeta.-potential becomes 10 to 100 mV at pH 5, and a developer for electrostatic images which comprises this colored toner and a carrier.

Abstract: A colored toner for developing electrostatic images which has a degree of gelation of 2.0% or less and comprises an association of secondary particles containing polymer particles having acidic polar groups or basic polar groups and an organic pigment and/or an organic dye treated with a treatment agent containing a surface treatment agent which has the same ionic character as the polymer particles so that the absolute value of .zeta.-potential becomes 10 to 100 mV at pH 5, and a developer for electrostatic images which comprises this colored toner and a carrier.

Abstract: This invention discloses an aqueous resin dispersion excellent in adhesion to a base material and stability, and capable of forming a coat which exhibits excellent vibration-damping properties over a wide temperature range, and moreover, is flexible and excellent in resistance to chipping and low temperature resistance to impact, and it is an aqueous resin dispersion comprising polymer fine particles dispersed in an aqueous medium, and contains, as the polymer fine particles, composite fine particles (A) comprising a core part and a shell part having specific glass transition temperatures (Tg), respectively, specific composite fine particles (B) wherein the Tg of its core part is different from that of the composite fine particles (A), and/or polymer fine particles (C) having a specific Tg.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image comprises primary colored resin particles having a mean particle size of 0.6 to 10 microns which have been agglomerated to form secondary particles having a particle size of 1.2 to 20 microns. The primary colored resin particles are formed from fine elementary particles comprised of one or more polymers and a colorant. Thus, the toner can be economically prepared, is excellent in resolution, does not cause much fogging or scattering, and is excellent in fixability and image density.

Abstract: In a heat displacing type die adapted to extrude a sheet of molten resin, a heat displacing unit provided with a heater is secured to an upper die block. A lip gap is defined between a flexible lid and a stationary lip respectively provided for the upper and lower die blocks. The lower end of a bolt extending through the heat displacing unit is normally in contact with or secured to the flexible lip while the upper end is secured to the upper portion of the heat displacing unit. In a modified embodiment the bolt is air cooled.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ignition system for an internal combustion engine in which an advance characteristic is provided by utilizing a discharge of a capacitor. The ignition system comprises an ignition coil, a semiconductor switch to control a primary current through the ignition coil, a signal coil to generate a signal of one cycle per one revolution of the internal combustion engine, an ignition position control circuit to produce a conducting signal for conducting the semiconductor switch with the signal from the signal coil used as a control signal. The ignition coil is operated by rapidly varying the primary current through the ignition coil by means of the conduction of the semiconductor switch.