Abstract: A process for producing particles, the process including pulverizing particles of a compound represented by formula (I) with a median diameter (50% D) of over 100 ?m by using a pulverizer in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of silica, talc and clay, to obtain particles of the compound represented by formula (I) with a median diameter (50% D) of 100 ?m or less, in formula (I), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or alternatively, R1 and R2 are inked to each other to form a ring together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, m represents an integer of 2 to 9, Mn+ represents H+ or an n-valent metal ion, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2.

Abstract: A modified carbon black comprising carbon black and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by formula (I) and a compound represented by formula (II), in which the content of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by formula (I) and a compound represented by formula (II) relative to 100 parts by weight of carbon black is 0.1 to 50 parts by weight.

Abstract: A modified carbon black comprising carbon black and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by formula (I) and a compound represented by formula (II), in which the content of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by formula (I) and a compound represented by formula (II) relative to 100 parts by weight of carbon black is 0.1 to 50 parts by weight.

Abstract: A process for producing particles, the process including pulverizing particles of a compound represented by formula (I) with a median diameter (50% D) of over 100 ?m by using a pulverizer in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of silica, talc and clay, to obtain particles of the compound represented by formula (I) with a median diameter (50% D) of 100 ?m or less, in formula (I), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or alternatively, R1 and R2 are inked to each other to form a ring together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, m represents an integer of 2 to 9, Mn+ represents H+ or an n-valent metal ion, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method for producing camphorsultam, which includes the following steps 1 to 4: Step 1: reacting camphorsulfonic acid with a halogenation agent to give camphorsulfonyl halide, Step 2: reacting the camphorsulfonyl halide with ammonia to give camphorsulfonamide, Step 3: subjecting the camphorsulfonamide to dehydration and ring closure to give camphorsulfonimine, and Step 4: reducing the camphorsulfonimine with sodium borohydride in an aqueous isopropanol solution. According to this invention, camphorsultam and intermediates thereof can be obtained by an industrial method which is comparatively safe to the environment and human body, economical, and which is simple and easy.

Abstract: A method for producing camphorsultam, which includes the following steps 1 to 4:

Abstract: The present invention provides a crystalline or crystallized acid addition salt of Losartan useful for obtaining highly pure 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-[[2′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazole-5-methanol (Losartan), and a purification method of Losartan that includes production of the crystalline or crystallized acid addition salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method of compound [V] useful as an intermediate for medicaments and agrochemicals. The method includes reacting compound [III] with hexamethylenetetramine under heating to give compound [IV], and oxidizing the obtained compound [IV] with a halous acid salt or a ruthenium compound. According to the present invention, moreover, an organometallic compound having a tolyl group and compound [I] are cross-coupled in the presence of a catalyst to give compound [II] useful as an intermediate for medicaments and agrochemicals. The compound [II] is halogenated to give compound [III].

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-cyanobiphenyl compound represented by the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or hydrogen atom, from a phenylmagnesium chloride compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above. According to the process, a 2-cyanobiphenyl compound represented by the formula (II) can be economically, simply, industrially and advantageously prepared.

Abstract: Process for preparing 4'-methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl, comprising, catalytically hydrogenating at least one brominated cyanobiphenyl compound selected from 4'-dibromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl and 4'-bromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl; and process for regenerating 4'-methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl, comprising, catalytically hydrogenating at least one brominated cyanobiphenyl compound selected from 4'-dibromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl and 4'-bromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl, contained in a filtrate prepared by brominating 4'-methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl in a solvent; crystallizing 4'-bromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl from the resulting reaction mixture; and removing the resulting crystals from the reaction mixture by filtration. 4'-Methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl can be used as starting materials for 4'-bromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl.

Abstract: A method for producing 4'-bromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl by the step of treating 4'-methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl with Br.sub.2 in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent or an alkane solvent having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.