Abstract: A carbon monoxide removing catalyst whose catalytic activity is higher than conventional carbon-monoxide-methanation-reaction catalyst comprising an oxide support containing an oxide containing Co and Zr, and a Ru, Pt, Rh and/or Pd noble metal catalyst loaded on the oxide support, capable of removing carbon monoxide by means of carbon monoxide methanation reaction. The carbon monoxide removing catalyst has higher catalytic activity with respect to carbon monoxide methanation at low temperatures, compared with carbon monoxide removing catalysts which use oxides of Zr—Fe, Zr—Mn, and the like, or zirconia, as the support. A number-of-atom ratio of Co/Zr can be 1/3 or more and 3/1 or less.

Abstract: An optical disk consists of a first laminated layer structure and a second laminated layer structure. The first structure has a first transparent substrate having a first surface and a second surface on both sides thereof, provided on the first surface being a light-incident plane via which a light beam is to be incident in recording or reproduction, formed alternately on the second surface being a plurality of first lands and first grooves, and a first organic-dye recording layer formed on the second surface to cover the first lands and grooves. The second structure has a second substrate, alternately formed on which are a plurality of second lands and second grooves, a reflective film formed on the second transparent substrate to cover the second lands and grooves, and a second organic-dye recording layer formed on the reflective film to face the second transparent substrate.

Abstract: An optical storage medium has a substrate having a first surface and a second surface on both sides, the first surface allowing light to pass therethrough in recording or reproduction. The medium also has at least one composite layer having at least a first protective film, a second protective film and a recording film formed in order on the second surface, the first and second protective films exhibiting refractive indices n1 and n2, respectively, having the following relations therebetween, to the light having a specific wavelength ?: n1>n2, n1?n2?0.02 and 2.1?n1?2.5, 1.5?n2?2.1. The composite layer may have at least a first protective film, a second protective film, a third protective film and a recording film formed in order on the second surface, the first, second and third protective films exhibiting refractive indices n21, n22 and n23, respectively, having a relation n21>n22>n23 or n22>n21>n23 thereamong, to the light having a specific wavelength ?.

Abstract: An optical storage medium includes: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface on both sides, the first surface allowing light to pass therethrough in recording or reproduction; and two or more of composite layers formed on the second surface. Each layer is capable of storing data to be recorded with the light. At least one composite layer, except a composite layer provided farthest from the first substrate, has at least a recording film, a reflective film, a first optical adjustment film and a second optical adjustment film laminated in order over the second surface. Each film allows the light to pass therethrough in recording or reproduction to or from composite layers provided farther from the first substrate than the one composite layer being. The one composite layer satisfies relations: 2.5<n1<4.0 and 1.5<n2<2.

Abstract: User data is recorded on a data area in first one of recording layers in a rewritable optical disc through the use of a laser beam having a power changing among different values including a first erasing power value. Test signals are recorded and reproduced on and from a section in a trial write area in the first recording layer. A region in the first recording layer is illuminated with the laser beam having a power equal to a second erasing power value to be subjected to signal erasure before the test signals are recorded and reproduced on and from the section in the trial write area. The region includes the section in the trial write area. The second erasing power value is equal to the first erasing power value multiplied by a coefficient in the range of 1.5 to 3.

Abstract: Test signals are recorded on a prescribed area in an optical disc. The prescribed area is scanned by a laser beam while the power of the laser beam is changed among different DC erasing values. The different DC erasing values are assigned to the recorded test signals, respectively. The recorded test signals are reproduced from the prescribed area to obtain reproduced signals. Parameter values of the respective reproduced signals are detected. The detected parameter values correspond to the different DC erasing values, respectively. Among the detected parameter values, a detected parameter value is decided which matches a target. One corresponding to the decided parameter value is selected from the different DC erasing values. A prescribed coefficient and the selected DC erasing value are multiplied to calculate an optimum level of an erasing power of the laser beam.

Abstract: Data is recorded in an optical storage medium with a beam having a wavelength in a 650-nm band. The medium has a substrate, a first laminated layer structure formed on the substrate and having at least a first reflective film and a first recording film, and a second laminated layer structure formed over the first structure and having at least a second reflective film and a second recording film. The data is recorded in at least one of specific sections of the first recording film, with a beam having a wavelength in a 650-nm band and a beam spot having a specific area. The first structure satisfies requirements Tc?Tr?60% and 9%?Rr?Rc?15% wherein Tc and Rc are a transmissivity and a reflectivity, respectively, of the first structure when the first recording film has no data recorded therein after initialized, and Tr and Rr are a transmissivity and a reflectivity, respectively, of the first structure when the first recording film has the data recorded therein.

Abstract: A phase-change optical storage medium includes a recording layer that has an alloy of Ge—Sb—In—Sn, as a main component in the materials that constitute the recording layer. Composition ratios of Ge, Sb, In and Sn in the alloy satisfy ranges 0.08?a?0.20, 0.60?b?0.80, 0.05?c?0.20, and 0.01?d?0.15, where “a”, “b”, “c” and “d” are the composition ratios of Ge, Sb, In and Sn, respectively, at a +b+c+d=1. A percentage of the alloy in the materials that constitute the recording layer may be 50% or higher.

Abstract: It is an assignment to provide a carbon monoxide removing catalyst whose catalytic activity is higher than conventional carbon-monoxide-methanation-reaction catalyst. It is characterized in that it comprises an oxide support composed of an oxide containing Co and Zr, and a noble metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of Ru, Pt, Rh and Pd, and loaded on the oxide support, and it can remove carbon monoxide by means of carbon monoxide methanation reaction. A carbon monoxide removing catalyst of the present invention is such that such an effect is available that the catalytic activity with respect to carbon monoxide methanation reaction is higher when being low temperatures, compared with carbon monoxide removing catalysts which use oxides of Zr—Fe, Zr—Mn, and the like, or zirconia, as the support. In particular, it is desirable that a number-of-atom ratio of Co/Zr can be 1/3 or more and 3/1 or less.

Abstract: Data is recorded in a phase-change optical storage medium having a beam-incident surface and a plurality of data layers provided over the surface, each data layer having at least a recording film. Data to be recorded is modulated to generate modulated data. Desired mark-length data is generated based on the modulated data. A recording beam is emitted onto each data layer based on the mark-length data, to form a recorded mark carrying the data to be recorded in each data layer. A first recording pulse sequence is generated when a recorded mark is formed in a first data layer located most remote from the beam-incident surface among the data layers. The first sequence has at least a first recording pulse carrying a first erasing power and a first recording power rising from the first erasing power, and a first cooling pulse carrying a first bottom power lower than the first erasing power. A recording beam is emitted onto the first data layer in accordance with the first sequence.

Abstract: A mark having a length nT (n being an integer equal to or greater than 3 and T being a clock period) is formed by modulating irradiation laser power with three values of recording power Pw, erase power Pe, and bias power Pb (Pw>Pe>Pb). Constant strength periods (At) of the recording power Pw are set as AtT, A1T, . . . and AmT and constant strength periods (Bt) of the bias power Pb are set as BtT, B1T, . . . BmT, and CT (C=?1 to 3). The application of laser is divided into pulses in order of AtT, BtT, A1T, B1T, . . . , AmT, BmT, and CT (m=(n?k)/2, k=3 (if n is an odd number), or k=4 (if n is an even number)). (Here, the constant strength period of the recording power Pw for n=3, n=4, n?5 (odd number), and n?6 (even number) is set as At3, At4, Atod, and Atev, the constant strength period of the bias power Pb for n=3, n=4, n?5 (odd number), and n?6 (even number) is set as Bt3, Bt4, Btod, and Btev, and then, At3+Bt3=Atod+Btod=Am+Bm=2T and At4+Bt4=Atev+Btev=3T).

Abstract: A phase-change optical storage medium has a substrate and a recording layer having a plurality of tracks for storing information. A material of which the recording layer is made has been initialized in a crystalline state in which an amplitude of a tracking-detection signal is smaller than a saturation value of the amplitude, the tracking-detection signal being obtained by receiving a reflected beam from the recording layer when the recording layer is irradiated with a laser beam in an off-track state while the optical storage medium is being rotated.

Abstract: A phase-change optical storage medium has a substrate, and a recording layer, to be recorded on which is at least one recorded mark representing information to be recorded by irradiating a recording light beam onto the recording layer in accordance with a recording pulse pattern of recording pulses rising from an erasing power and formed between a recording power larger than the erasing power and a bottom power smaller than the erasing power and of erasing pulses rising from the bottom power to the erasing power. The expressions (1) and (2): 1.00<(R1/R0)<1.15 . . . (1), 1.05<(R9/R0)<1.20 . . .

Abstract: Information to be recorded is recorded in a recording layer of a phase-change optical storage medium. The information to be recorded is modulated to generate modulated data. Desired mark-length data is generated based on the modulated data. Generated further based on the mark-length data is a recording pulse pattern of recording pulses rising from an erasing power and formed between a recording power larger than the erasing power and a bottom power smaller than the erasing power and of erasing pulses rising from the bottom power to the erasing power. A recording light beam is then irradiated onto the recording layer in accordance with the recording pulse pattern to record at least one recorded mark representing the information to be recorded. Used in recording is an optimum erasing power, as the erasing power, the optimum erasing power satisfying an expression (1): 1.000<(R1/R0)<1.030 . . .

Abstract: An optical disk has a recording substrate and a support base. The substrate has a first light incident plane and a first bonding surface on both sides thereof, data being to be recorded in the substrate via the first plane. The base is constituted by at least one component and has a second light incident plane and a second bonding surface on both sides thereof, the substrate and the base being bonded to each other via the bonding surfaces.

Abstract: An optical disk consists of a first laminated layer structure and a second laminated layer structure. The first structure has a first transparent substrate having a first surface and a second surface on both sides thereof, provided on the first surface being a light-incident plane via which a light beam is to be incident in recording or reproduction, formed alternately on the second surface being a plurality of first lands and first grooves, and a first organic-dye recording layer formed on the second surface to cover the first lands and grooves. The second structure has a second substrate, alternately formed on which are a plurality of second lands and second grooves, a reflective film formed on the second transparent substrate to cover the second lands and grooves, and a second organic-dye recording layer formed on the reflective film to face the second transparent substrate.

Abstract: A structure (1) for reflecting light uses at least two materials having different refractive indices. The structure (1) for reflecting light includes a first material (2) having light transmittance, and a plurality of fine structures (3) made of a second material, placed within the first material (2), with regularity sufficient to express reflection functions of light based on diffraction and scattering actions.

Abstract: An optical disk has a substrate, a first protective layer formed on the substrate, a recording layer formed on the first protective layer, a second protective layer formed on the recording layer, and a reflective layer formed on the second protective layer. The recording layer includes a composition expressed as (SbxTe1-x)aGebInc in which atomic ratios are 0.77≦x≦0.84, 0.85≦a≦0.95, 0.01≦b≦0.10 and 0.01≦c≦0.10 where a+b+c=1.

Abstract: An optical recording medium 10 comprises a substrate 1, first protective layer 2, interfacial layer 3, recording layer 4, second protective layer 5, light absorbing and heat generating layer 6, third protective layer 7, reflection layer 8 and a protective film 9 laminated in order. The light absorbing and heat generating layer 6 is a metal layer or an alloy layer containing more than one element out of Ge, Sn, Pb, Cr, Ti, In, Si, Cd, Se, W, Mo, Zr, Nb, Zn and Hf, so that a reflectivity of the optical recording medium 10 and an optical modulation factor, which is an optical modulation factor in a phase changing state of crystalline or amorphous, in the recording layer 4 can be always maintained in high. Accordingly, a recording sensitivity of the recording layer 4 in the optical recording medium 10 can be increased without deteriorating a characteristic such as reflectivity and jitter.

Abstract: A coloring structure includes a light-reflecting base, a brilliant layer placed on the base, and transparent brilliant units contained in the brilliant layer, each brilliant unit including an alternate lamination of at least two polymers having different refractive indexes, the lamination producing interfered light resulting from reflection and interference of light and transmitted light resulting from transmission of light, each brilliant unit controlling interfered and transmitted lights. The coloring structure is provided with a coloring mechanism for producing at least an interference color resulting from interfered light, a first object color resulting from reflection of transmitted light produced by the base, and a second object color resulting from reflection of incident light produced by the base without striking any brilliant units.