Abstract: In order to make it less likely for the accuracy of determination of the ejection state of a liquid ejection head to be low, a liquid ejection apparatus sets a determination threshold for determining an ejection state of the liquid ejection head using first energy, the determination threshold being set based on a first output value outputted from the output unit in an event where the heat generating resistance element is driven with the first energy in an ejection state in which the liquid is ejected from an ejection port and a second output value estimated to be outputted from the output unit assuming the heat generating resistance element is driven with the first energy in a non-ejection state in which the liquid is not ejected.

Abstract: An improved filling and casing system is disclosed herein, which comprises a case conveying device for conveying cases, a carrier conveying device disposed adjacent to and in parallel to the case conveying device for conveying carriers capable of accommodating and holding containers, an uncasing station including a container gripper movable between the case and the carrier for taking out the containers from the case and accommodating them in the carrier, a filling station including a filling head for performing a filling operation for the containers accommodated and held in the carrier, and a capping station including a capping head for performing a capping operation for the filled containers. The uncasing station, the filling station and the capping station are disposed in succession along the case conveying device and the carrier conveying device.