Abstract: In a focusing state determining device for determining a focusing state of a taking lens, an object light entering the taking lens is captured by focusing state determination imaging elements provided separately from a video imaging element, and the focusing state is determined according to luminance signals outputted from the focusing state determination imaging elements. Any error of determination of the focusing state induced by saturation of the luminance signals in imaging an object of high luminance is prevented by adjusting the gains of the image signals outputted from the focusing state determination imaging elements or the charge accumulation times of the focusing state determination imaging elements. High-frequency components are determined from the luminance signals obtained from the focusing state determination imaging elements (A, B, C), and the focus evaluation value is determined by integration thereof.

Abstract: A beam splitter (24)for splitting light in a wavelength range of about 500 nm to about 600 nm is arranged in a relay optical system of a taking lens (12). A green light beam reflected from the beam splitter (24) is directed through a relay lens (R3) to a focusing state determination imaging unit (26). The imaging unit (26) comprises three imaging elements (A, B, C) for capturing the directed green light beam to determine the focusing state. Thus, a device for determining the focusing state of the taking lens is provided, in which the green light beam is separated as an object light for determining the focusing state from the object light entering the taking lens (12), so that the focusing state can be determined with high accuracy on the basis of the high-frequency components of the image signal generated by capturing the green light beam by means of the imaging elements (A, B, C) having different optical path lengths.

Abstract: A beam splitter (24) for splitting light in a wavelength range of about 500 nm to about 600 nm is arranged in a relay optical system of a taking lens (12). A green light beam reflected from the beam splitter (24) is directed through a relay lens (R3) to a focusing state determination imaging unit (26). The imaging unit (26) comprises three imaging elements (A, B, C) for capturing the directed green light beam to determine the focusing state. Thus, a device for determining the focusing state of the taking lens is provided, in which the green light beam is separated as an object light for determining the focusing state from the object light entering the taking lens (12), so that the focusing state can be determined with high accuracy on the basis of the high-frequency components of the image signal generated by capturing the green light beam by means of the imaging elements (A, B, C) having different optical path lengths.

Abstract: In a focusing state determining device for determining a focusing state of a taking lens, an object light entering the taking lens is captured by focusing state determination imaging elements provided separately from a video imaging element, and the focusing state is determined according to luminance signals outputted from the focusing state determination imaging elements. Any error of determination of the focusing state induced by saturation of the luminance signals in imaging an object of high luminance is prevented by adjusting the gains of the image signals outputted from the focusing state determination imaging elements or the charge accumulation times of the focusing state determination imaging elements. High-frequency components are determined from the luminance signals obtained from the focusing state determination imaging elements (A, B, C), and the focus evaluation value is determined by integration thereof.

Abstract: A thermally-sensitive type flow meter measures a flow rate with a high accuracy by eliminating a noise generated in a source voltage. The flow meter includes a sensor chip comprising a substrate carrying sensing elements. First and second resistors are provided on first and second bridges formed over a depression formed on the substrate. The first bridge is positioned on an upstream side and the second bridge is positioned on a downstream side. The first and second resistors generate a heat by the same voltage source. First and second temperature measuring resistors are provided adjacent to the first and second resistors, respectively, to measure a temperature of the first and second resistors. Third and fourth temperature measuring resistors are provided for measuring the temperature of the fluid. A temperature control unit, including the first, second, third and fourth temperature measuring resistors, controls a temperature of each of the first and second resistors to be constant.

Abstract: A heater-heat sensor type thermal flow sensor including a substrate installed in a fluid path, a channel formed on a part of the substrate; a bridge suspended over the channel; a heater constructed with an electric resistor formed on the bridge; a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the heater which is constructed with another electric resistor situated on the bridge and measuring the temperature of the heater; and a fluid temperature sensor constructed with still another electric resistor formed on a position of the substrate not thermally affected by the heater. There is a bridge circuit including the temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the heater, the fluid temperature sensor, and first and second resistors both installed outside of the fluid path. A control circuit is provided to control the voltage applied to the heater in accordance with the output of the bridge circuit.

Abstract: A neuron unit processes a plurality of input signals and outputs an output signal which is indicative of a result of the processing. The neuron unit includes input lines for receiving the input signals, a forward process part including a supplying part for supplying weight functions and an operation part for carrying out an operation on each of the input signals using one of the weight functions and for outputting the output signal, and a self-learning part including a generating part for generating new weight functions based on errors between the output signal of the forward process part and teaching signals and a varying part for varying the weight functions supplied by the supplying part of the forward process part to the new weight functions generated by the generating part.

Abstract: A hierarchical signal processing apparatus includes aggregates having logic operation portions. The apparatus compares a final output signal from a logic operation portion in a final aggregate with a teaching signal, and generates an error signal by taking a signal which exists only in the teaching signal as a positive error signal, and taking a signal which exists only in said final output signal as a negative error signal.

Abstract: A neuron unit processes a plurality of input signals and outputs an output signal which is indicative of a result of the processing. The neuron unit includes input lines for receiving the input signals, a forward process part including a supplying part for supplying weight functions and an operation part for carrying out an operation on each of the input signals using one of the weight functions and for outputting the output signal, and a self-learning part including a generating part for generating new weight functions based on an error signal representing an error between the output signal of the forward process part and a teaching signal and a varying part for varying the weight functions supplied by the supplying part of the forward process part to the new weight functions generated by the generating part. The error signal includes first and second error signal components representing pulse densities.

Abstract: A neuron unit simultaneously processes a plurality of binary input signals.

Abstract: A recording apparatus which when used includes in an arbitrary order steps of brining a contact material into contact with a surface of a recording medium, and selectively heating the surface of the recording medium. The surface of the recording medium has a characteristic which a receding contact angle becomes smaller when the recording medium is brought into contact with liquid and it is in the heated status. The contact material is selected from a liquid, a vapor or a liquid under conditions of a temperature lower than a temperature at which the receding contact angle of the recording medium starts to decrease. An area having the receding contact angle corresponding to a temperature of the recording medium obtained by selectively heating the surface of the recording medium in accordance with image information in formed, as latent image, on the surface of the recording medium.

Abstract: A neuron unit processes a plurality of input signals and outputs an output signal which is indicative of a result of the processing. The neuron unit includes input lines for receiving the input signals, a forward process part including a supplying part for supplying weight functions and an operation part for carrying out an operation on each of the input signals using one of the weight functions and for outputting the output signal, and a self-learning part including a generating part for generating new weight functions based on errors between the output signal of the forward process part and teaching signals and a varying part for varying the weight functions supplied by the supplying part of the forward process part to the new weight functions generated by the generating part.

Abstract: A neuron unit processes a plurality of input signals and for outputs an output signal which is indicative of a result of the processing, and includes input lines for receiving the input signals, a forward process part including a supplying part for supplying weight functions and an operation part for carrying out an operation on each of the input signals using one of the weight functions and for outputting the output signal, and a self-learning part including a function generating part for generating new weight functions based on errors between the output signal of the forward process part and teaching signals and a varying part for varying the weight functions supplied by the supplying part of the forward process part to the new weight functions generated by the generating part. The supplying part includes a memory for storing each weight function in the form of a binary value, and a generating circuit for generating a random pulse train based on each binary value stored in the memory.