Abstract: A light source device includes: excitation light sources configured to emit a plurality of excitation light including mutually different spectra; wavelength converting members configured to wavelength-convert the excitation light emitted from the excitation light sources into light having mutually different spectra and configured to be disposed in a common application region of the excitation light; and a light source control unit configured to switch a combination of the excitation light sources that are lighted among the excitation light sources based on the observation mode including a normal light observation mode and a special light observation mode to highlight a particular observation target input to an input unit, wherein light emitted from the wavelength converting members is used as illumination light, and the illumination light corresponding to the observation modes is emitted from a same emitting portion.

Abstract: An insertion module inserted into inside of an observed object includes a light-source light emitting module, around its distal end, configured to emitted light from a light source and a detector, provided close to the distal end, configured to detect a light quantity of incident visible light. A controller controls the light source such that a null signal is transmitted from the light-source light emitting module, the null signal being characteristic for detection of the position of the distal end and obtained by making at least light of a predetermined wavelength region have an absence of visible light. The detector performs detecting operation in a period in which the null signal is transmitted. A determination module performs determination relating to the position of the distal end, based on detection information outputted by the detector.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a primary light source that emits primary light, a diffusing member that diffuses and converts the primary light into diffused light, a reflection portion that regularly reflects or diffuse-reflects and converts the diffused light into reflected light, and an emission portion that emits the reflected light to an outside. A portion of the primary light is converted in an order of the diffused light and the reflected light and emitted to the outside from the emission portion in a state of the reflected light.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a light conversion unit converting primary light into secondary light. The light conversion unit includes a light conversion member, a holder and a reflection member. The holder includes an incidence portion through which the primary light enters and an exit portion through which at least part of the secondary light exits in a direction crossing an optical axis of the primary light. The light conversion member is arranged on the optical axis of the primary light. Part of the secondary light allowed to exit from the light conversion member in a direction different from a direction toward the exit portion is reflected by the reflection member and exited from the exit portion. The ratio of reentering to the light conversion member is reduced.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a light source unit which emits primary light, and an optical unit which functions when the primary light emitted from the light source unit is applied to the optical unit. The optical unit includes a reducing portion which is directly provided in a illumination light emitting portion or provided frontward to part of the illumination light emitting portion and which reduces the density of the primary light as the illumination light emitted from the illumination light emitting portion.

Abstract: A light source device includes a primary light source unit and a light converting unit. The primary light source unit includes a primary light emitting portion. The light converting unit includes a light converting member and a secondary light emitting portion. In the two-dimensional shape of the secondary light emitting portion projected on a surface perpendicular to the optical axis of primary light, the length of the minimum width of the two-dimensional shape passing through the center of gravity of the two-dimensional shape is different from the length of the maximum width of the two-dimensional shape passing through the center of gravity.

Abstract: The wavelength conversion member includes a plurality of fluorescent members that absorb the excitation light and emit fluorescent light having a peak wavelength different from the peak wavelength of the excitation light. The wavelength conversion member has a surface irradiated with excitation light that faces an excitation light emitting surface of the excitation light source. The optical axis passes the center of the surface irradiated with excitation light. The plurality of fluorescent members are arranged in a divisional manner at such proportions that a circumferential area ratio, which is defined as the ratio of area occupied by each of the fluorescent members in a concentric annular region having a center located at the center of the surface irradiated with excitation light on the surface irradiated with excitation light of the wavelength conversion member, is substantially constant irrespective of the radius of the concentric annular region.

Abstract: A wavelength converting unit includes: an incident portion configured to be connected to an excited-light emitting end of a excited-light source, and on which excited light emitted from the excited-light source is made incident; a wavelength converting member configured to convert the excited light into wavelength-converted light of a desired wavelength; a light transmitting member configured to transmit the excited light and the wavelength-converted light; a reflector configured to reflect at least part of the wavelength-converted light; and an emitting portion configured to emit at least part of the at least part of the wavelength-converted light reflected by the reflector to outside. At least part of the light transmitting member is continuously formed to extend from the incident portion to the emitting portion, and part of an external surface of the light transmitting member has the reflector.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a primary light source that emits primary light, a diffusing member that diffuses and converts the primary light into diffused light, a reflection portion that regularly reflects or diffuse-reflects and converts the diffused light into reflected light, and an emission portion that emits the reflected light to an outside. A portion of the primary light is converted in an order of the diffused light and the reflected light and emitted to the outside from the emission portion in a state of the reflected light.

Abstract: An insertion module inserted into inside of an observed object includes a light-source light emitting module, around its distal end, configured to emitted light from a light source and a detector, provided close to the distal end, configured to detect a light quantity of incident visible light. A controller controls the light source such that a null signal is transmitted from the light-source light emitting module, the null signal being characteristic for detection of the position of the distal end and obtained by making at least light of a predetermined wavelength region have an absence of visible light. The detector performs detecting operation in a period in which the null signal is transmitted. A determination module performs determination relating to the position of the distal end, based on detection information outputted by the detector.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion unit includes a wavelength conversion member that transmits a part of incident excitation light and converts a part of the excitation light into wavelength-converted light having a wavelength different from a wavelength of the excitation light to emit the wavelength-converted light. The excitation light has an intensity distribution in which an intensity is maximum at the center and decreases as getting apart from the center. A thickness of the wavelength conversion member at a portion into which light at the center of the intensity distribution of the excitation light enters is larger than those at any other portions.

Abstract: A water-repellent pattern (26) made from a water-repellent material is provided around a contact hole (20), and causes a polarizing layer (24) made from a water-soluble material to be separated from the contact hole (20). It is therefore possible to provide (i) an electrode contact structure which can prevent a reduction in mass productivity, (ii) a liquid crystal display apparatus in which the electrode contact structure is provided, and (iii) a method for manufacturing the electrode contact structure.

Abstract: In a lighting apparatus which emits light of a desired wavelength by irradiating excitation light from a light source to a wavelength converting member, a structure is such that a part of wavelength-converted light which is launched from the wavelength converting member is made to launch from an irradiated-light emerging area without making the light incidence again to the wavelength converting member.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion unit includes a wavelength conversion member that transmits a part of incident excitation light and converts a part of the excitation light into wavelength-converted light having a wavelength different from a wavelength of the excitation light to emit the wavelength-converted light. The excitation light has an intensity distribution in which an intensity is maximum at the center and decreases as getting apart from the center. A thickness of the wavelength conversion member at a portion into which light at the center of the intensity distribution of the excitation light enters is larger than those at any other portions.

Abstract: A water-repellent pattern (26) made from a water-repellent material is provided around a contact hole (20), and causes a polarizing layer (24) made from a water-soluble material to be separated from the contact hole (20). It is therefore possible to provide (i) an electrode contact structure which can prevent a reduction in mass productivity, (ii) a liquid crystal display apparatus in which the electrode contact structure is provided, and (iii) a method for manufacturing the electrode contact structure.

Abstract: In a lighting apparatus which emits light of a desired wavelength by irradiating excitation light from a light source to a wavelength converting member, a structure is such that a part of wavelength-converted light which is launched from the wavelength converting member is made to launch from an irradiated-light emerging area without making the light incidence again to the wavelength converting member.

Abstract: The inventive liquid crystal device is driven in circular polarization mode. A protection plate (22) is provided with a first optical member where a first polarizing plate (23) and a first wave plate (24) are laid in layers sequentially in the order of the first phase difference plate and the first polarizing plate from the side close to a liquid crystal display panel. Optical conditions of the first optical member are designed such that the incident light from the observer side becomes elliptically polarized light having an ellipticity of 0.4-1.0 when it passed through the protection plate and the first optical member and the elliptically polarized light impinges on the liquid crystal layer. Consequently, surface reflection on each substrate and film in the liquid crystal display can be reduced effectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which can provide sufficient contrast. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is interposed between a rear substrate and a front substrate, wherein the liquid crystal display device includes a first polarizing layer between the rear substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and the first polarizing layer is arranged between the liquid crystal layer and a depolarization part such as a thin film transistor, a wiring, a color filter, a pixel electrode, and a structure providing a rear face-side surface of the liquid crystal layer with an irregularity.