Abstract: A polarization separator for separating orthogonal polarization waves into a horizontal polarization wave component and a vertical polarization wave component is minimized in size. A metal pole in the form of a thin metal bar is disposed in a circular waveguide of a waveguide member into which the orthogonal polarization waves are introduced, and reflects the horizontal polarization wave component so that it is outputted through an output terminal formed in a circumferential wall of the waveguide member. Meanwhile, the vertical polarization wave component propagates in a substantially rectangular waveguide provided rearwardly of the metal pole and is outputted from another output terminal. Since the rectangular waveguide is formed in a cutoff structure for the horizontal polarization wave component, the reflection means can be formed from the metal pole in the form of a thin bar, and consequently, the polarization separator can be minimized.

Abstract: A high frequency signal processing apparatus having signal line patterns formed on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate has a bias line pattern that extends from each of the signal line patterns. The bias line pattern has a first portion formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, a second portion formed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and a conductor extending through the dielectric substrate for providing an electrical connection between the first and second portions of the bias line pattern. A trap pattern is formed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the second portion of the bias line pattern at a position spaced a predetermined distance away from the corresponding one of the signal line patterns. The predetermined distance is substantially equal to an odd number multiplied by T.multidot..lambda./4 where T and .lambda. are the periodicity and wave-length of the high frequency signal to be processed.

Abstract: An apparatus for receiving broadcast FM waves using an FM (Frequency Modulated) detector is disclosed in which an output signal level of an automatic gain controller (AGC) is controllable so that when the C/N ratio is reduced and the output level of the automatic gain controller is reduced, the loop gain of a PLL type FM demodulator is accordingly reduced and response is delayed with the bandwidth being narrowed . Therefore, since delayed threshold extension is applied thereby, no signal noise, such as white points appearing on an image screen, will occur.

Abstract: An energy-dispersal signal rejection circuit adapted for use in a direct-broadcast-from-satellite system rejects an energy-dispersal signal from an input signal which includes a video signal composed with the energy-dispersal signal by generating a cancellation signal synchronized with, and having a phase and amplitude determined in accordance with the energy-dispersal signal, and such cancellation signal is composed with the input signal, for example by adding the two signals, so that the energy-dispersal signal is cancelled from the input signal and the video signal is produced as an output signal.