Abstract: To provide at least one of: a powder composition from which a calcined body with similar processability can be produced without requiring the application of different forming conditions and calcination conditions for each composition; a method for producing the powder composition; a calcined body produced from the powder composition; a method for producing the calcined body; and uses thereof. A powder composition including: two or more types of zirconia in which a lanthanoid rare-earth element is dissolved; a transition metal element other than zirconium and hafnium; and a remainder composed of zirconia stabilized only by one or more selected from the group consisting of yttrium, calcium and magnesium, wherein a different lanthanoid rare-earth element is dissolved in each zirconia in which the lanthanoid rare-earth element is dissolved, and a transition metal element content is 1500 ppm or less.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes an electrostatic latent image bearer, a developing sleeve, a case, and an air filter. The case accommodates a two-component developer and the developing sleeve. The air filter is attached to the case. The air filter has a thickness of 2 to 20 mm and has a density gradient with a pressure loss of 2 to 40 Pa at a wind speed of 10 cm/s. The air filter forms an airflow sucked into the case from a gap between the developing sleeve and the case and forms an airflow discharged from the case through the air filter. The two-component developer accommodated in the case contains a magnetic particle a surface of which is coated with a resin layer. The resin layer contains at least one type of chargeable particle.

Abstract: A seamless steel pipe has a carbon equivalent Ceq of 0.50% to 0.58%, and contains specified carbides containing Mo at a ratio of 50 mass % or more, V, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti and Nb, and having a size of 20 nm or more.

Abstract: A seamless steel pipe has a carbon equivalent Ceq of 0.50% to 0.58%, and contains specified carbides containing Mo at a ratio of 50 mass % or more, V, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti and Nb, and having a size of 20 nm or more.

Abstract: Provided is a duplex stainless steel having a high strength and a high toughness. A stainless steel according to the present invention includes: a chemical composition containing, in mass percent, C: at most 0.030%, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: at most 8.00%, P: at most 0.040%, S: at most 0.0100%, Cu: more than 2.00% and at most 4.00%, Ni: 4.00 to 8.00%, Cr: 20.0 to 30.0%, Mo: at least 0.50% and less than 2.00%, N: 0.100 to 0.350%, and sol. Al: at most 0.040%, the balance being Fe and impurities; and a structure, wherein a rate of ferrite in the structure is 30 to 70%, and a hardness of the ferrite in the structure is at least 300 Hv10gf.

Abstract: A welded joint of duplex stainless steel, which can suppress precipitation ? phase under high heat input welding, is excellent in SCC resistance under high-temperature chloride environments. A weld metal of the welded joint contains, in mass percent, C: at most 0.030%, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: at most 8.00%, P: at most 0.040%, S: at most 0.0100%, Cu: at most 2.00%, Ni: 7.00 to 12.00%, Cr: 20.0 to 30.0%, Mo: 1 to 4%, N: 0.100 to 0.350%, sol. Al: at most 0.040%, and O: at most 0.035%, the balance being Fe and impurities. The weld metal satisfies Expressions (1) and (3): 2.2Cr+7Mo+3Cu>66??(1) Cr+11Mo+10Ni?12(Cu+30N)<100??(3) where a content (mass percent) of each element in one of the base metal and weld metal is used for each element in Expressions (1) and (3).

Abstract: A seamless steel pipe has a carbon equivalent Ceq of 0.50% to 0.58%, and contains specified carbides containing Mo at a ratio of 50 mass % or more, V, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti and Nb, and having a size of 20 nm or more.

Abstract: Provided is a duplex stainless steel having a high strength and a high toughness. A stainless steel according to the present invention includes: a chemical composition containing, in mass percent, C: at most 0.030%, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: at most 8.00%, P: at most 0.040%, S: at most 0.0100%, Cu: more than 2.00% and at most 4.00%, Ni: 4.00 to 8.00%, Cr: 20.0 to 30.0%, Mo: at least 0.50% and less than 2.00%, N: 0.100 to 0.350%, and sol. Al: at most 0.040%, the balance being Fe and impurities; and a structure, wherein a rate of ferrite in the structure is 30 to 70%, and a hardness of the ferrite in the structure is at least 300 Hv10gf.

Abstract: A welded joint of duplex stainless steel, which can suppress precipitation of ? phase under high heat input welding, is excellent in SCC resistance under high-temperature chloride environments. A weld metal of the welded joint contains, in mass percent, C: at most 0.030%, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: at most 8.00%, P: at most 0.040%, S: at most 0.0100%, Cu: at most 2.00%, Ni: 7.00 to 12.00%, Cr: 20.0 to 30.0%, Mo: 1 to 4%, N: 0.100 to 0.350%, sol. Al: at most 0.040%, and O: at most 0.035%, the balance being Fe and impurities. The weld metal satisfies Expressions (1) and (3): 2.2Cr+7Mo+3Cu>66??(1) Cr+11Mo+10Ni?12(Cu+30N)<100??(3) where a content (mass percent) of each element in one of the base metal and weld metal is used for each element in Expressions (1) and (3).

Abstract: A duplex stainless steel, which can suppress precipitation of a ? phase under high heat input welding, is excellent in SCC resistance under high-temperature chloride environments and has a high strength. The duplex stainless steel includes a chemical composition containing, in mass percent, C: at most 0.030%, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: at most 8.00%, P: at most 0.040%, S: at most 0.0100%, Cu: more than 2.00% and at most 4.00%, Ni: 4.00 to 8.00%, Cr: 20.0 to 28.0%, Mo: 0.50 to 2.00%, N: 0.100 to 0.350%, and sol. Al: at most 0.040%, the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying Expression (1) and Expression (2); a structure having a ferrite rate of at least 50%; and a yield strength of at least 550 MPa or more: 2.

Abstract: An optical filter having excellent durability and a display including the same is provided. The optical filter contains therein a transparent substrate, a mesh-shaped electromagnetic shield layer provided on the substrate, and a functional layer provided on the electromagnetic shield layer. The electromagnetic shield layer of the invention is characterized by a surface roughness (Ra) exceeding 0.02 ?m.

Abstract: A methane or methanol producing system is proposed in which laser beams are generated in space by excitation of sunlight, transmitted onto land or sea without loss to obtain optical energy with high efficiency, and irradiated on a hydrogen producing device to produce industrially inexpensive hydrogen with high efficiency, thereby producing methane or methanol. A laser generating device for generating laser beams by exciting radiant light in laser rods by irradiation of sunlight is installed in space. The laser beams generated are transmitted to a light-receiving facility on land or on sea, and irradiated on a hydrogen generating device having a semiconductor electrode with a wavelength suitable for absorbing by the semiconductor electrode or by converting or shifting to a suitable wavelength. Using the hydrogen, methane or methanol is produced by a methane or methanol producing unit.

Abstract: A microcomputer has an electric potential control unit, a signal generation unit, and a timing signal generation circuit. The electric potential control unit includes a transistor which controls an electric potential of an input terminal which is energized by a power supply. The signal generation unit includes an input buffer circuit which receives a change in the electric potential of the input terminal and supplies an interrupt signal to a CPU. The timing signal generation circuit generates a timing signal which controls conductivity of a transistor and operates the transistor intermittently. A capacitor is connected to the input terminal.

Abstract: A methane or methanol producing system is proposed in which laser beams are generated in space by excitation of sunlight, transmitted onto land or sea without loss to obtain optical energy with high efficiency, and irradiated on a hydrogen producing device to produce industrially inexpensive hydrogen with high efficiency, thereby producing methane or methanol. A laser generating device for generating laser beams by exciting radiant light in laser rods by irradiation of sunlight is installed in space. The laser beams generated are transmitted to a light-receiving facility on land or on sea, and irradiated on a hydrogen generating device having a semiconductor electrode with a wavelength suitable for absorbing by the semiconductor electrode or by converting or shifting to a suitable wavelength. Using the hydrogen, methane or methanol is produced by a methane or methanol producing unit.

Abstract: A disclosed gradient function material seal cap for discharge lamp bulb is produced by molding and thereafter firing a slurry which contains a plurality of groups of particles having different specific gravities. The plurality of groups of particles include at least a first group of particles and a second group of particles. The first group of particles comprises a group of non-metal particles having a specific gravity ranging from about 3 to 7 and a maximum particle diameter equal to or smaller than a deflocculation limit, said nonmetal particles being made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, and an oxynitride. The second group of particles comprises a group of metal particles having a specific gravity which is about 1.5 times the specific gravity of said first group of particles, and particle diameters distributed across the deflocculation limit.

Abstract: A disclosed gradient function material is produced by molding and thereafter firing a slurry which contains a plurality of groups of particles having different specific gravities. The plurality of groups of particles include at least a first group of particles and a second group of particles. The first group of particles comprises a group of non-metal particles having a specific gravity ranging from about 3 to 7 and a maximum particle diameter equal to or smaller than a deflocculation limit, said non-metal particles being made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, and an oxynitride. The second group of particles comprises a group of metal particles having a specific gravity which is about 1.5 times the specific gravity of said first group of particles, and particle diameters distributed across the deflocculation limit.

Abstract: A sealing structure for a light-emitting bulb assembly includes a closure, having a core which serves as an electrode for sealing an open end of a bulb. The closure includes a bulb-side region disposed adjacent to the open end of the bulb and made of a compositional ingredient having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is substantially the same as that of the bulb, a core-side region disposed adjacent to the core and made of a compositional ingredient having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is substantially the same as that of the core, and an intermediate region disposed between the bulb-side region and the core-side region and made of a compositional ingredient having compositional proportions adjusted such that a coefficient of thermal expansion thereof varies gradually from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the bulb-side region toward the coefficient of thermal expansion of the core-side region.

Abstract: A disclosed gradient function material is produced by molding and thereafter firing a slurry which contains a plurality of groups of particles having different specific gravities. The plurality of groups of particles include at least a first group of particles and a second group of particles. The first group of particles comprises a group of nonmetal particles having a specific gravity ranging from about 3 to 7 and a maximum particle diameter equal to or smaller than a deflocculation limit, said nonmetal particles being made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, and an oxynitride. The second group of particles comprises a group of metal particles having a specific gravity which is about 1.5 times the specific gravity of said first group of particles, and particle diameters distributed across the deflocculation limit.

Abstract: Laminated ceramic devices useful as an actuator or other device responsive to electrostrictive effects or photoelectric effects are manufactured by a method which includes the steps of forming an internal electrode on each of a plurality of unbaked ceramic sheets. Each of the internal electrodes is provided with a notched area for defining a so-called future space. A plurality of the unbaked ceramic sheets is assembled to form a laminate whereby the notched areas defining the future spaces are alternately located on two different sides of the laminate with the alternate notched areas being vertically aligned. The assembled plurality of ceramic sheets is then fired and the internal electrodes baked to thereby definitively form spaces defined by the notched areas which define the so-called future or void spaces. The resulting formed spaces are thereby alternatively located on different sides of the laminate.