Abstract: A method of producing a lithium-ion secondary battery includes the following (?) and (?): (?) preparing a lithium-ion secondary battery, the lithium-ion secondary battery including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte solution; and (?) adding a zwitterionic compound to the electrolyte solution. The negative electrode includes at least a negative electrode active material and a film. The film is formed on a surface of the negative electrode active material. The film contains a lithium compound. The zwitterionic compound contains a phosphonium cation or an ammonium cation and a carboxylate anion in one molecule.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated transmission includes a reducing valve provided at a lubricant oil supplying circuit and configured to reduce a pressure of a lubricant oil having a predetermined pressure and output the lubricant oil with a reduced pressure; and a switching device (switching valve) configured to selectively switch between a first path and a second path as the path for supplying the lubricant oil from the reducing valve to a to-be-lubricated portion. The reducing valve is configured such that an output pressure of the lubricant oil from the reducing valve is higher when the second path is selected by the switching device, than when the first path is selected by the switching device.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated transmission includes: a pressure regulator which regulates pressure of a hydraulic oil supplied to a coupling hydraulic chamber of a frictional coupling element for starting a vehicle; and a lubrication control valve provided at a lubricant oil supplying circuit for supplying the lubricant oil to the frictional coupling element. The lubrication control valve operates, in coupling the frictional coupling element at start of the vehicle, such that the lubricant oil is supplied to the frictional coupling element at a greater flow rate when a regulated pressure regulated by the pressure regulator is lower than a second predetermined pressure, than when the regulated pressure is higher than or equal to the second predetermined pressure. The second predetermined pressure is set to be higher than or equal to a first predetermined pressure, at which the frictional coupling element is completely coupled, and to be lower than a high pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated transmission includes a selecting switching valve configured to selectively switch between a first switching valve and a second switching valve as a valve to be connected with an outlet port of a solenoid valve. The selecting switching valve is configured to operate in response to a hydraulic pressure applied to a specific frictional coupling element (second brake) in accordance with coupling and releasing of the specific frictional coupling element, and is configured to connect the outlet port with the first switching valve while the hydraulically actuated transmission is in high gear which is higher than or equal to a predetermined gear, and connect the outlet port with the second switching valve while the hydraulically actuated transmission is in the low gear which is lower than the predetermined gear.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus with a centrifugal pendulum damper is realized, which can effectively suppress torque fluctuation and vibration noise of a vehicle while avoiding size increase of a centrifugal pendulum damper and deterioration of reliability of the centrifugal pendulum damper by high-speed rotation. A power transmission apparatus with a centrifugal pendulum damper includes: a centrifugal pendulum damper coupled to an input shaft through a speed-increasing mechanism configured to increase speed of rotation of the input shaft; and an engagement/disengagement mechanism capable of realizing and cutting off power transmission from the input shaft to the centrifugal pendulum damper.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated transmission includes a selecting switching valve configured to selectively switch between a first switching valve and a second switching valve as a valve to be connected with an outlet port of a solenoid valve. The selecting switching valve is configured to operate in response to a hydraulic pressure applied to a specific frictional coupling element (second brake) in accordance with coupling and releasing of the specific frictional coupling element, and is configured to connect the outlet port with the first switching valve while the hydraulically actuated transmission is in high gear which is higher than or equal to a predetermined gear, and connect the outlet port with the second switching valve while the hydraulically actuated transmission is in the low gear which is lower than the predetermined gear.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated transmission includes a reducing valve provided at a lubricant oil supplying circuit and configured to reduce a pressure of a lubricant oil having a predetermined pressure and output the lubricant oil with a reduced pressure; and a switching device (switching valve) configured to selectively switch between a first path and a second path as the path for supplying the lubricant oil from the reducing valve to a to-be-lubricated portion. The reducing valve is configured such that an output pressure of the lubricant oil from the reducing valve is higher when the second path is selected by the switching device, than when the first path is selected by the switching device.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated transmission includes: a pressure regulator which regulates pressure of a hydraulic oil supplied to a coupling hydraulic chamber of a frictional coupling element for starting a vehicle; and a lubrication control valve provided at a lubricant oil supplying circuit for supplying the lubricant oil to the frictional coupling element. The lubrication control valve operates, in coupling the frictional coupling element at start of the vehicle, such that the lubricant oil is supplied to the frictional coupling element at a greater flow rate when a regulated pressure regulated by the pressure regulator is lower than a second predetermined pressure, than when the regulated pressure is higher than or equal to the second predetermined pressure. The second predetermined pressure is set to be higher than or equal to a first predetermined pressure, at which the frictional coupling element is completely coupled, and to be lower than a high pressure.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus with a centrifugal pendulum damper is realized, which can effectively suppress torque fluctuation and vibration noise of a vehicle while avoiding size increase of a centrifugal pendulum damper and deterioration of reliability of the centrifugal pendulum damper by high-speed rotation. A power transmission apparatus with a centrifugal pendulum damper includes: a centrifugal pendulum damper coupled to an input shaft through a speed-increasing mechanism configured to increase speed of rotation of the input shaft; and an engagement/disengagement mechanism capable of realizing and cutting off power transmission from the input shaft to the centrifugal pendulum damper.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a solid waste treatment agent comprising phosphorous acid or a derivative thereof and/or hypophosphorous acid or a derivative thereof, or phosphorous acid or a derivative thereof and/or hypophosphorous acid or a derivative thereof, and an aluminum compound and/or a titanium compound, and a method of treating solid waste, which comprises adding the solid waste treatment agent to solid waste containing harmful metals and/or organic chlorinated compounds such as dioxins and PCB to make the solid waste harmless.