Abstract: A liquid crystal panel (a liquid crystal element) 12 according to the present invention includes a pair of substrates 12a and 12b having a normal distance therebetween, a liquid crystal layer 27 arranged between the substrates 12a and 12b, a plurality of first spacers 34, and a plurality of second spacers 35. The first spacers 34 have an average particle diameter AD1 that is larger than the normal distance SD between the substrates 12a and 12b and are configured to define a distance between the substrates 12a and 12b. The second spacers 35 have an average particle diameter AD2 that is smaller than the normal distance SD between the substrates 12a and 12b and are configured to define the distance between the substrates 12a and 12b.

Abstract: In optimization processing performed by a compiler to execute a source program described in a high level language on the environment of a multiprocessor system, a judgment is made at the time of compiling as to whether or not there is any objective equation over an executable statement for synchronous/exclusive control. When a decision is made in this judgment that there is the objective equation over executable statement for synchronous/exclusive control, data flow analysis is performed on variables necessary for synchronous/exclusive control, thereby making a judgment as to whether the objective equation for optimization includes at least one variable necessary for synchronous/exclusive control. When the objective equation includes no variable necessary for synchronous/exclusive control, optimization processing is performed over the executable statement for synchronous/exclusive control.