Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising: an image bearing member, a developing member that forms a toner image with a toner including a metal soap having a polarity opposite to that of the toner, a supply member that supplies the toner to the developing member, and a control unit that executes a metal soap supply operation of supplying the metal soap from the developing member to the image bearing member when an operation other than the image forming operation is executed, wherein the metal soap supply operation includes a first mode and a second mode, and a potential difference between the supply member and the developing member, which causes an electrostatic force in the direction from the supply member to the developing member to act on the metal soap, is smaller in the metal soap supply operation in the second mode than in the first mode.

Abstract: A multi-layer ceramic electronic device includes an element body and terminal electrodes. The terminal electrodes include end electrode parts covering ends of the element body in which internal electrode layers are led and upper electrode parts continuing to the end electrode parts and each partially covering an upper surface of the element body in a lamination direction. The terminal electrodes are not substantially formed on a lower surface of the element body located opposite to the upper surface of the element body in the lamination direction.

Abstract: A multi-layer ceramic electronic device includes an element body and terminal electrodes. The terminal electrodes include end electrode parts covering ends of the element body in which internal electrode layers are led and upper electrode parts continuing to the end electrode parts and each partially covering an upper surface of the element body in a lamination direction. An upper-surface cover layer covering the upper surface of the element body located between the upper electrode parts has an external surface substantially flush with external surfaces of the upper electrode parts. The terminal electrodes are not substantially formed on a lower surface of the element body located opposite to the upper surface of the element body in the lamination direction.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes an element body, a via-hole electrode, and a terminal electrode. The element body includes internal electrode layers and insulation layers alternately laminated in a lamination direction. The via-hole electrode penetrates from an upper surface of the element body thereinto and is connected with at least one of the internal electrode layers. The terminal electrode is formed on the upper surface of the element body and connected with the via-hole electrode. The via-hole electrode is embedded in a via hole formed on the element body so that a predetermined clearance space is formed in the via hole.

Abstract: A multi-layer ceramic electronic device includes an element body and terminal electrodes. The terminal electrodes include end electrode parts covering ends of the element body in which internal electrode layers are led and upper electrode parts continuing to the end electrode parts and each partially covering an upper surface of the element body in a lamination direction. The terminal electrodes are not substantially formed on a lower surface of the element body located opposite to the upper surface of the element body in the lamination direction.

Abstract: A multi-layer ceramic electronic device includes an element body and terminal electrodes. The terminal electrodes include end electrode parts covering ends of the element body in which internal electrode layers are led and upper electrode parts continuing to the end electrode parts and each partially covering an upper surface of the element body in a lamination direction. The terminal electrodes are not substantially formed on a lower surface of the element body located opposite to the upper surface of the element body in the lamination direction.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes an element body and a terminal electrode. The element body includes internal electrode layers and insulation layers alternately laminated in a lamination direction. The terminal electrode is formed on an outer surface of the element body to be contacted and connected with the internal electrode layers. The terminal electrode includes an end-side electrode part and an upper-side electrode part. The end-side electrode part covers a leading end of the element body where the internal electrode layers are led. The upper-side electrode part is formed on a part of an upper surface of the element body and continues to the end-side electrode part. The terminal electrode is not substantially formed on a lower surface of the element body located on the other side of the upper surface along the lamination direction.

Abstract: A multi-layer ceramic electronic device includes an element body and terminal electrodes. The terminal electrodes include end electrode parts covering ends of the element body in which internal electrode layers are led and upper electrode parts continuing to the end electrode parts and each partially covering an upper surface of the element body in a lamination direction. The terminal electrodes are not substantially formed on a lower surface of the element body located opposite to the upper surface of the element body in the lamination direction.

Abstract: A multi-layer ceramic electronic device includes an element body and terminal electrodes. The terminal electrodes include end electrode parts covering ends of the element body in which internal electrode layers are led and upper electrode parts continuing to the end electrode parts and each partially covering an upper surface of the element body in a lamination direction. An upper-surface cover layer covering the upper surface of the element body located between the upper electrode parts has an external surface substantially flush with external surfaces of the upper electrode parts. The terminal electrodes are not substantially formed on a lower surface of the element body located opposite to the upper surface of the element body in the lamination direction.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes an element body, a via-hole electrode, and a terminal electrode. The element body includes internal electrode layers and insulation layers alternately laminated in a lamination direction. The via-hole electrode penetrates from an upper surface of the element body thereinto and is connected with at least one of the internal electrode layers. The terminal electrode is formed on the upper surface of the element body and connected with the via-hole electrode. The via-hole electrode is embedded in a via hole formed on the element body so that a predetermined clearance space is formed in the via hole.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes an element body and a terminal electrode. The element body includes internal electrode layers and insulation layers alternately laminated in a lamination direction. The terminal electrode is formed on an outer surface of the element body to be contacted and connected with the internal electrode layers. The terminal electrode includes an end-side electrode part and an upper-side electrode part. The end-side electrode part covers a leading end of the element body where the internal electrode layers are led. The upper-side electrode part is formed on a part of an upper surface of the element body and continues to the end-side electrode part. The terminal electrode is not substantially formed on a lower surface of the element body located on the other side of the upper surface along the lamination direction.

Abstract: A fuel cell system for a vehicle (1) includes a fuel cell (14) configured to react fuel gas and oxidizing gas with each other and generate electricity; a system frame (20) fixed under a floor of a body of the vehicle and supporting the fuel cell (14); a driving motor (43) configured to drive the vehicle, arranged in a motor compartment (R2); and a high-voltage cable (101, 102) configured to transmit high-voltage power generated by the fuel cell (14) to the driving motor (43), the high-voltage cable (101, 102) having apart extended across the system frame, the part is arranged on an inner side of the system frame (20) and is along a frame member (22) of the system frame (20).

Abstract: A fuel cell electric vehicle includes a driving motor for driving a pair of wheels, a fuel cell for generating electricity used in the driving motor with the fuel cell being disposed above the driving motor, and supply/discharge manifolds. The supply/discharge manifolds are for transporting the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant to or from the fuel cell from lateral end portions of a lower part of the fuel cell so that the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant supplied to and discharged from the fuel cell flow in a substantially vertical direction with respect to a vehicle without the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant passing through a center portion between the lower part of the fuel cell and an upper part of the driving motor.

Abstract: A fuel cell electric vehicle includes a driving motor for driving a pair of wheels, a fuel cell for generating electricity used in the driving motor with the fuel cell being disposed above the driving motor, and supply/discharge manifolds. The supply/discharge manifolds are for transporting the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant to or from the fuel cell from lateral end portions of a lower part of the fuel cell so that the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant supplied to and discharged from the fuel cell flow in a substantially vertical direction with respect to a vehicle without the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant passing through a center portion between the lower part of the fuel cell and an upper part of the driving motor.

Abstract: A fuel cell electric vehicle includes a driving motor, a fuel cell and first and second supply/discharge manifolds. The driving motor is disposed between a pair of wheels. The fuel cell is disposed above the driving motor and has a plurality of unit cells stacked in a vertical direction of a vehicle. The fuel cell includes a plurality of through-manifolds configured and arranged to distribute a fuel gas, an oxidizing gas and a coolant to the unit cells. The first and second supply/discharge manifolds are disposed adjacent to first and second lateral end portions of the driving motor, respectively, with respect to a lateral direction of the vehicle. The first and second supply/discharge manifolds include a plurality of fluid connection ports for transporting the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant at positions that substantially overlap with positions of the through-manifolds.

Abstract: A fuel cell electric vehicle includes a driving motor, a fuel cell and first and second supply/discharge manifolds. The driving motor is disposed between a pair of wheels. The fuel cell is disposed above the driving motor and has a plurality of unit cells stacked in a vertical direction of a vehicle. The fuel cell includes a plurality of through-manifolds configured and arranged to distribute a fuel gas, an oxidizing gas and a coolant to the unit cells. The first and second supply/discharge manifolds are disposed adjacent to first and second lateral end portions of the driving motor, respectively, with respect to a lateral direction of the vehicle. The first and second supply/discharge manifolds include a plurality of fluid connection ports for transporting the fuel gas, the oxidizing gas and the coolant at positions that substantially overlap with positions of the through-manifolds.

Abstract: A fuel cell automobile basically comprises a fuel cell, a cooling system, and a coolant pipe unit. The fuel cell is disposed under a floor panel of a vehicle. The cooling system is configured and arranged to regulate temperature of the fuel cell using a coolant. The cooling system includes at least one cooling system component part that is disposed in a front portion of the vehicle. The coolant pipe unit extends between the fuel cell and the cooling system component part. The coolant pipe unit has a generally horizontal portion disposed in a space under the floor panel and a slope portion extending and sloping continuously upwardly from the horizontal portion to the cooling system component part above the floor panel.

Abstract: A fuel cell system for a vehicle (1) includes a fuel cell (14) configured to react fuel gas and oxidizing gas with each other and generate electricity; a system frame (20) fixed under a floor of a body of the vehicle and supporting the fuel cell (14); a driving motor (43) configured to drive the vehicle, arranged in a motor compartment (R2); and a high-voltage cable (101, 102) configured to transmit high-voltage power generated by the fuel cell (14) to the driving motor (43), the high-voltage cable (101, 102) having apart extended across the system frame, the part is arranged on an inner side of the system frame (20) and is along a frame member (22) of the system frame (20).

Abstract: A fuel cell automobile basically comprises a fuel cell, a cooling system, and a coolant pipe unit. The fuel cell is disposed under a floor panel of a vehicle. The cooling system is configured and arranged to regulate temperature of the fuel cell using a coolant. The cooling system includes at least one cooling system component part that is disposed in a front portion of the vehicle. The coolant pipe unit extends between the fuel cell and the cooling system component part. The coolant pipe unit has a generally horizontal portion disposed in a space under the floor panel and a slope portion extending and sloping continuously upwardly from the horizontal portion to the cooling system component part above the floor panel.

Abstract: Prior art (1) involves a problem that a useless processing is always done even if the user does not use message communication; and prior art (2) involves a problem that the user has to describe a function in a program, and therefore this may be more trouble than prior art (1) and the technical level of the user is required to be high enough to describe the function correctly. A message communication method and device for a programmable controller according to the invention having both advantages of prior arts (1) and (2) and comprising a CPU module and a communication module is characterized in that the transmission parameter of the communication module is defined (Q2), and the user selects (SW) one of the settings: one is such that message communication (S2) is automatically done, and the other is such that the user can describe a function (S3) for message communication.