Abstract: A light detector is configured such that a light receiving portion having APDs and a peripheral portion are provided on a first principal surface of a p-type semiconductor substrate, and further includes a back electrode provided on a second principal surface of the semiconductor substrate and a p-type first separation portion provided between the light receiving portion and the peripheral portion. The APD has, on a first principal surface side, an n-type region and a p-epitaxial layer contacting the n-type region in a Z-direction. The peripheral portion has an n-type MISFET provided at a p-well and an n-well provided to surround entire side and bottom portions of the p-well.

Abstract: An effective voltage V? effectively applied to a gap 7 during an “activation step” is controlled to a desired value. In the “activation step”, a voltage is repeatedly applied between a first electroconductive film 4a and a second electroconductive film 4b while controlling voltages outputted from a voltage source 51 so that a value ?effect becomes a desired value.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is capable of securely detecting LPP signals. The method comprises the steps of: reading a push-pull signal including a wobble component and LPP components; and slice-shaping the push-pull signal with a slice signal so as to binarize the LPP components and detect the LPP signals. The method is characterized by: detecting pulse widths of the LPP signals with changing voltage of the slice signal; calculating degree of dispersion of the pulse widths of the LPP signals; stopping the change of the voltage of the slice signal when the degree of dispersion exceeds a predetermined threshold value; and correcting the voltage of the slice signal on the basis of a predetermined correction value.

Abstract: An effective voltage V? effectively applied to a gap 7 during an “activation step” is controlled to a desired value. In the “activation step”, a voltage is repeatedly applied between a first electroconductive film 4a and a second electroconductive film 4b while controlling voltages outputted from a voltage source 51 so that a value ?effect becomes a desired value.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is capable of securely detecting LPP signals. The method comprises the steps of: reading a push-pull signal including a wobble component and LPP components; and slice-shaping the push-pull signal with a slice signal so as to binarize the LPP components and detect the LPP signals. The method is characterized by: detecting pulse widths of the LPP signals with changing voltage of the slice signal; calculating degree of dispersion of the pulse widths of the LPP signals; stopping the change of the voltage of the slice signal when the degree of dispersion exceeds a predetermined threshold value; and correcting the voltage of the slice signal on the basis of a predetermined correction value.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is capable of securely detecting LPP signal. The method of detecting LPP signal from a DVD comprises the steps of: reading a push-pull signal including a wobble component and an LPP component; and slice-shaping the push-pull signal with a prescribed slice signal so as to binarize the LPP component and detect the LPP signal. The method is characterized by: forming a through rate signal, whose amplitude and cycle are equal to those of the wobble component, from the push-pull signal; holding voltage of around a maximum peak or a minimum peak of the through rate signal; shaping the through rate signal so as to form a peak holding signal; and using the peak holding signal as the slice signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the adjustment of luminance. The present invention is a method of manufacturing image forming apparatus including a step of applying characteristic shift voltage comprising a plurality of pulses in which the amplitude of the pulse obtained from the look-up table has two or more values, to the emitter, the look-up table storing the amplitude of the pulse and the number of the pulse for shifting characteristic of emitters to a predetermined luminance target value on the basis of the measurement result of the luminance. Moreover, the present invention is a method of manufacturing image forming apparatus comprising a step of applying the second pulses of characteristic shift voltage having the amplitude which was determined in response to the measurement result of the luminance after the first characteristic shift voltage had been applied to the emitter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the adjustment of luminance. The present invention is a method of manufacturing image forming apparatus including a step of applying characteristic shift voltage comprising a plurality of pulses in which the amplitude of the pulse obtained from the look-up table has two or more values, to the emitter, the look-up table storing the amplitude of the pulse and the number of the pulse for shifting characteristic of emitters to a predetermined luminance target value on the basis of the measurement result of the luminance. Moreover, the present invention is a method of manufacturing image forming apparatus comprising a step of applying the second pulses of characteristic shift voltage having the amplitude which was determined in response to the measurement result of the luminance after the first characteristic shift voltage had been applied to the emitter.