Abstract: A surveillance satellite that has detected a significant high luminance generates launch sensing data indicating a launch time point corresponding to a detection time point, a launch coordinate value expressing a position at which the significant high luminance was detected, and a line-of-sight vector at the detection time point and containing surveillance data at the detection time point and transmits the launch sensing data. A communication satellite that passes through a point in a communication range with respect to the surveillance satellite to transmit the launch sensing data receives the launch sensing data and transmits the launch sensing data to remaining communication satellites via a satellite communication network.

Abstract: A jamming satellite avoidance method changes an orbital altitude for each of orbital planes with different normal vectors in a mega-constellation satellite group composed of 100 or more satellites, so as to avoid a jamming satellite controlled by a ground device that is different from a device that controls the mega-constellation satellite group. The jamming satellite is an artificial satellite that includes a propulsion device and adopts a nominal orbital altitude and a nominal orbital inclination at which the mega-constellation satellite group flies, and maintains an average orbital altitude and an average orbital inclination while operating the propulsion device irregularly, and is controlled by the ground device that is different from the device that controls the mega-constellation satellite group.

Abstract: A flying object (109) flies on the earth's limb. Three or more surveillance satellites (120) monitor the earth's limb from different latitudes than each other at a time of interest and transmit three or more sets of monitoring data. A ground system (130) receives the three or more sets of monitoring data, calculates three or more line-of-sight directions from the three or more surveillance satellites to the flying object at the time of interest based on the three or more sets of monitoring data, calculates flying object coordinate values indicating the position of the flying object at the time of interest based on the three or more line-of-sight directions, and selects one flight path model from multiple flight path models based on the flying object coordinate values.

Abstract: An apparatus communication device (950) communicates with at least one of a parent satellite (310) and a child satellite (320). A control unit (110) generates a control command (51) to capture debris by sandwiching the debris between the parent satellite (310) and the child satellite (320) and carry out an active control operation during orbital descent on a flying object which is the parent satellite (310), the debris, and the child satellite (320) being connected together. Then, the control unit (110) transmits the control command (51) to at least one of the parent satellite (310) and the child satellite (320) via the apparatus communication device (950).

Abstract: In a communication route search method, a ground system includes a communication route search device and a model database that stores a plurality of flight path models, which are a plurality of modeled flight paths. A communication route search device selects a subsequent surveillance satellite that can monitor a flight path at a predicted time by using a plurality of flight path models, starting at launch detection information of a flying object detected by a surveillance satellite and repeats a shortest route search for transmitting information to the subsequent surveillance satellite and then the next subsequent surveillance satellite. After repeating the route search, the communication route search device searches for the shortest route through which information is transmitted from a last subsequent surveillance satellite in the shortest route search to a coping asset that can cope with the flying object.

Abstract: By taking launch detection information of a flying object as a starting point, a ground system repeats process of referring to a model database that has stored therein a plurality of flying path models, analyzing flying object surveillance information measured by a subsequent surveillance satellite, excluding a nonconforming flying path model, analyzing flying object surveillance information measured by a next subsequent surveillance satellite, and excluding a nonconforming flying path model. The ground system determines a flying path model not excluded to be left as a provisional flying path prediction model. Based on flying object surveillance information measured by a plurality of subsequent surveillance satellites subsequent to the surveillance satellite, the ground system corrects a deviation amount from the provisional flying path model to predict a flying path to an impact of the flying object.

Abstract: In a flying object coping system (1000), a surveillance ground center (311) transmits, to a communication ground center (321), an ID, time information, and position information of a surveillance satellite (100) which will transmit flying object information, an ID, time information, and position information of a surveillance satellite (100) which will receive the flying object information, and position information of a coping system (330). The communication ground center (321) is equipped with a communication route search device (470), which searches for a communication route for satellite information. The communication ground center (321) transmits directive commands to the communication satellite group of the communication system (320) based on a search result from the communication route search device (470).

Abstract: A flying object (109) flies on the earth's limb. Three surveillance satellites (120) monitor the earth's limb from different latitudes than each other at the time of interest and transmit three sets of monitoring data. A ground system (130) receives the three sets of monitoring data, calculates three line-of-sight directions from the three surveillance satellites to the flying object at the time of interest based on the three sets of monitoring data, and calculates flying object coordinate values indicating the position of the flying object at the time of interest based on the three line-of-sight directions.

Abstract: A monitoring system (404) includes a plurality of monitor satellites including monitoring devices and communication devices. A satellite information transmission system (403) includes a plurality of communication satellites including communication devices. A coping system (405) includes land, sea, and air coping assets to cope with a flying object. A flying object coping system (401) transmits flying object information, generated by the monitoring system (404) that monitors a flying object (601), to the coping system (405) via the satellite information transmission system (403). The coping system (405) includes a satellite unified ordering center (810) including a communication route search device (811) for satellite information. The satellite unified ordering center (810) transmits order commands to a monitor satellite cluster included in the monitoring system (404) and to a communication satellite cluster included in the satellite information transmission system (403).

Abstract: A monitoring system (404) includes a plurality of monitor satellites (307) and a monitoring ground center (810). A satellite information transmission system (403) includes a plurality of communication satellites including communication devices. A coping system (405) includes land, sea, and air coping assets to cope with a flying object. A flying object coping system (401) transmits flying object information, generated by the monitoring system (404) that monitors a flying object (601), to the coping system (405) via the satellite information transmission system (403). The monitoring ground center (810) includes a communication route search device (811) and a flight path prediction device (803) and transmits order commands to a communication satellite cluster included in the satellite information transmission system (403).

Abstract: A surveillance satellite (100) of a surveillance system (310) transmits flying object information, which is generated by monitoring a flying object (520), to a coping system (330) via a communication satellite (200) of a communication system. A defense information integration center (350) includes a communication route search device (470) for satellite information, a flight path prediction device (5490) predicting a flight path of a flying object, and a coping asset selection device (333). The defense information integration center (350) transmits an instruction command to a surveillance satellite group included in the surveillance system (310), a communication satellite group included in the communication system (320), and a coping asset (332).

Abstract: A first satellite includes a first communication device to communicate with satellites flying in front and behind in a same orbital plane, a second communication device to communicate with a satellite flying in an adjacent orbit, and a third communication device to communicate with ground equipment or a moving object. A second satellite includes a first communication device, a second communication device, a third communication device, and a monitoring device. A third satellite includes a first communication device, a third communication device, and a monitoring device. A fourth satellite includes a first communication device and a third communication device. In a satellite constellation, the first satellites, the second satellites, the third satellites, and the fourth satellites fly at a same altitude in the same orbital plane, and the satellites circularly flying in front and behind form a bidirectional communication cross-link so as to form an annular communication network.

Abstract: A second monitoring device includes a +X+Y sensor (11S) directed at +45 degrees, a +X?Y sensor (12S) directed at ?45 degrees, a ?X+Y sensor (13S) directed at +135 degrees, and a ?X?Y sensor (14S) directed at ?135 degrees. When flying northeastward, the second monitoring device monitors airspace above high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere with the +X?Y sensor (12S), and monitors airspace above high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere with the ?X+Y sensor (13S). When flying southeastward, the second monitoring device monitors airspace above high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere with the ?X?Y sensor (14S), and monitors airspace above high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere with +X+Y sensor.

Abstract: A satellite constellation forming system forms a satellite constellation (20) having a plurality of orbital planes (21) in each of which a plurality of satellites fly at the same orbital altitude. A satellite constellation forming unit forms the satellite constellation (20) in which orbital altitudes of the orbital planes (21) are mutually different. Furthermore, in the satellite constellation (20), relative altitude differences between adjacent orbital planes in the plurality of orbital planes are sequentially arranged to be sinusoidal. The satellite constellation forming unit sequentially changes an orbital altitude (23) of each orbital plane of the plurality of orbital planes while maintaining a sinusoidal arrangement of the relative altitude differences between adjacent orbital planes in the plurality of orbital planes.

Abstract: A communication satellite group (44) that is composed of infrastructure satellites flying in an earth orbit (LEO) flies in an orbit with an orbital altitude and an orbital inclination angle which are features of a sun-synchronous orbit, the communication satellite group (44) orbiting an integer number of times per day in a substantially uniform arrangement. The communication satellite group (44) includes a first satellite (61) communicating with ground equipment (701), a second satellite (62) communicating with a watching satellite (521), and a third satellite (63) performing only communication with communication satellites flying in front and behind. A watching satellite (521b) and the ground equipment (701) exchange information via the communication satellite group (44).

Abstract: In a communication satellite system (10), communication satellites (20) that fly on respective orbital planes such as an orbit (A), an orbit (B), and an orbit (C) each include a fore-aft communication device for communicating with other communication satellites (20) flying in front of and behind that communication satellite (20). Each of the communication satellites (20) flying in each orbit forms cross-link communication with communication satellites (20) in adjacent orbits at the northern edge of the orbit, indicated by a range (72), and the southern edge of the orbit, indicated by a range (73), using the fore-aft communication device. Thus, communication between orbits becomes possible only with the fore-aft communication device.

Abstract: An optical communication system (500) is configured of communication satellites (200) each including an optical communication device and an orbital attitude control device, and a ground facility (701). The optical communication device includes a biaxial rough-precision directivity control device and a biaxial high-precision directivity control device. From a state in which a first communication satellite (201) and a second communication satellite (202) are mutually directed to each other with rough precision, each establishes a high-precision directivity state by the biaxial high-precision directivity control device. And, as mutually tracked by the biaxial rough-precision directivity control device in accordance with a relative position change based on planned orbit information, each corrects a residual directivity error by the biaxial high-precision directivity control device.

Abstract: A communication satellite (20) provided in a satellite information transmission system includes a first optical communication terminal (51C), a second optical communication terminal (52C), a third optical communication terminal (53C), and a fourth optical communication terminal (54C). An Azimuth visual field change range (53B) of the third optical communication terminal (53C) is equal to or more than ±90 degrees with respect to a satellite forwarding direction +X. An Azimuth visual field change range (54B) of the fourth optical communication terminal (54C) is equal to or more than ±90 degrees with respect to the opposite direction of the satellite forwarding direction +X.

Abstract: A satellite constellation (110) includes a plurality of artificial satellites flying on an inclined circular orbit for each of six or more orbital planes having a common orbital inclination and arranged so that south and north axes are mutually shifted in an east-west direction. The plurality of artificial satellites include eight or more artificial satellites for each orbital plane. Each of the artificial satellites includes a fore-and-aft communication device. For each orbital plane, each of the artificial satellites forms a communication network with front and rear artificial satellites by the fore-and-aft communication device. Each of the artificial satellites on each orbital plane crosses southern and northern edges of the orbital plane in synchronization with artificial satellites on other orbital planes, and forms a communication network with that artificial satellites by the fore-and-aft communication device.

Abstract: In a space traffic management system (500), space traffic management devices (100) individually mounted in a plurality of mega-constellation business devices and in a debris removal business device (45) are connected to each other via a communication line (200). The debris removal device (45) performs Active Debris Removal (ADR) against debris formed by a satellite managed by a first mega-constellation business operator. The debris removal device (45) acquires real-time high-accuracy orbital information of a satellite group of a second mega-constellation business operator in a timeframe in which a debris removal satellite, during orbital descent, passes through an orbital altitude region where the satellite group of the second mega-constellation flies, the debris removal satellite passing through the satellite group while ensuring flight safety.