Abstract: Plural saddle shape patches are formed on a blank material for forming a blade using a manufacturing apparatus provided with a punch support having punches each with a holder attached to be opposite with one another at a predetermined interval corresponding to a thickness of the blank material. The punch support is mounted to a second ram via a second rotational mechanism which is rotatable in a direction in which the ram moves. The die is attached to the first ram via the first rotational mechanism. The actuator controls the rotating angles of both the rotational mechanisms.

Abstract: Cooling system and cooling method that enable preventing breakdown of coolant pump is provided.

Abstract: A cooling system includes an evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant to cool an object to be cooled; a refrigerant-supply-flow-rate regulator for regulating a flow rate of the refrigerant to be supplied to the evaporator; a condenser for condensing the refrigerant by cooling the refrigerant by use of a chilled fluid; and a chilled-fluid-flow-rate regulator for regulating a flow rate of the chilled fluid to be supplied to the condenser, the refrigerant condensed by the condenser being to be pressurized to be supplied to the evaporator. The chilled-fluid-flow-rate regulator regulates a flow rate of the fluid, to be supplied to the evaporator, for a temperature of the refrigerant condensed to come to a predetermined target refrigerant-liquid temperature, and the refrigerant-supply-flow-rate regulator regulates a flow rate of the refrigerant, to be supplied to the evaporator, for a temperature of the object cooled to come to a predetermined target cooling temperature.