Abstract: A reflecting type liquid crystal display device having, a first substrate provided on one main surface thereof with a first electrode comprising a plurality of pixel electrodes arrayed in a matrix form and a wiring interposed between these pixel electrodes, the first substrate being disposed on an observation side, a second substrate provided on one main surface thereof with a second electrode and disposed to face the first substrate in such a manner that the surface bearing the second electrode faces to the surface bearing the first electrode, a liquid crystal composition layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a white reflecting layer formed on a region of the surface of the first substrate where the first electrode is not formed.

Abstract: A reflecting type liquid crystal display device having, a first substrate provided on one main surface thereof with a first electrode comprising a plurality of pixel electrodes arrayed in a matrix form and a wiring interposed between these pixel electrodes, the first substrate being disposed on an observation side, a second substrate provided on one main surface thereof with a second electrode and disposed to face the first substrate in such a manner that the surface bearing the second electrode faces to the surface bearing the first electrode, a liquid crystal composition layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a white reflecting layer formed on a region of the surface of the first substrate where the first electrode is not formed.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device in which a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer of positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between two substrates fitted with electrodes and liquid crystal molecule orientation films, and in which the angle of intersection of the liquid crystal molecular alignment directions on the surfaces of the two substrates is .theta. (0.degree.<.theta.<90.degree.) and the cell twist angle is .phi. which is determined to give a uniform twist alignment to the liquid crystal layer by the tilt orientation on the two substrates, the liquid crystal molecule orientation films have a twist angle .omega. which is +.theta.+180.degree. or +.theta.-180.degree. when .phi. is +.theta., and which is -.theta.+180.degree. or -.theta.-180.degree. when .phi. is -.theta., in the state when a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is less than a threshold voltage.

Abstract: Ultraviolet light is selectively radiated onto a portion corresponding to each pixel on a color accepting base layer and only this portion is activated. Thus, the accepting ability (coloring ability or absorbing ability) of the coloring material for a color filter in this portion is higher than that of the other portions to which the ultraviolet light is not radiated. Alternatively, with an ultraviolet light hardening resin as the material of the color accepting base layer, the accepting layer to which the ultraviolet light is radiated and hardened is formed in an island shaped pattern. The other portions are not hardened and can be removed. The coloring material of the color filter is projected to the accepting layer formed corresponding to each pixel and only this portion can be selectively colored.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a driving liquid crystal cell interposed between two polarizers 1 and 4, the cell having a liquid crystal layer 3e held between two substrates 3a and 3b, the layer having a twisted molecular alignment when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal cell performing optical control, using the optical anisotropy of liquid crystal, there is provided with an optical anisotropic element 2 between the polarizer and the driving liquid crystal cell, the optical anisotropic element 2 comprising an optical anisotropic substance layer 2c in which the optical rotatory power slanted to the normal of the substrates 3a and 3b is greater than the optical rotatory power in the direction of the normal of the substrate. The angle of the optical axis of the optical anisotropic element 2 varies continuously or in stages in the direction of layer thickness of the optical anisotropic element as against the surface of the optical anisotropic element.

Abstract: Between the substrates with electrodes arranged to face each other, there is held a neamtic liquid crystal layer having a molecular arrangement capable of obtaining two or more directions of the tilt direction when an electric field is applied. The electrode structure is formed by a region having the conductive sections the width of which is 50 .mu.m or less in the widest part and the non-conductive sections the width of which is 50 .mu.m or less in the widest part per pixel. Between the substrates arranged to face each other, the conductive sections and non-conductive sections are opposed to each other at least per pixel in a part of the region in the pixel, and given the width of the narrowest part of the non-conductive sections as S, and the distance between the electrodes of the substrates arranged to face each other as D, the relationship of D.gtoreq.S/2 is satisfied.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a voltage-driven liquid crystal cell sandwiched between two spaced polarizers, the cell comprises a liquid crystal layer having a twisted molecular alignment with no applied voltage and also having an optical rotary power with respect to visible rays. In the vicinity of the cell or in close contact therewith, there is disposed an optically anisotropic layer having an optical rotary power smaller than that of the cell.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a birefringence control type liquid crystal display unit including a pair of substrates having electrodes on their first major surfaces and arranged with a predetermined distance therebetween such that the electrodes face each other, a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy, the material being disposed between the substrates, liquid-crystal molecules of the liquid crystal material being aligned vertically such that longitudinal axes of said molecules are inclined at a slight pretilt angle in respect of an axis vertical to the substrates when no voltage is applied to the electrodes, a pair of polarizing plates arranged on second major surfaces of the substrates, and a device circuit for driving the liquid crystal device in a multiplex manner. This device is characterized in that the liquid crystal material has a helical pitch in the state wherein the material is not disposed between the substrates, and the relationships of d.ltoreq.p and 50.ltoreq.f.