Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous emulsion comprising a dispersant of a modified polyvinyl alcohol with an ethylene unit content of 2 to 9 mol % and a degree of hydrolysis of at least 95 mol %, a dispersoid of a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and a ratio (.eta.2 rpm/.eta.20 rpm) of Brookfield viscosity at 30.degree. C., 2 rpm (.eta.2 rpm) as against Brookfield viscosity at 30.degree. C., 20 rpm (.eta.20 rpm) being 1 to 1.8 when the latter viscosity (.eta.20 rpm) is adjusted to 5,000 to 10,000 mPa.multidot.S.The aqueous emulsion according to the present invention is excellent in structural viscosity (flowability, high speed application performance), provides coated layers with high water resistance and low-temperature stability, and can be suitably used extensively as an adhesive for paper, wood and plastics, as a binder for impregnated paper and non-woven products, as an additive for mortar, as a paint, and in paper and fiber processings.

Abstract: A refrigerant circulating system that uses a highly polar refrigerant, as typified by a hydrofluorocarbon-based one, and a refrigerating oil that has slight solubility with a liquid refrigerant on the condensation side. Also, a refrigerant circulating cycle that uses a highly polar refrigerant, as typified by a hydrofluorocarbon-based one, and a refrigerating oil that has a slight solubility with a liquid refrigerant and which has a greater specific gravity than the liquid refrigerant. Thereby, it provides a high electrical insulation and moisture resistance, good oil return to the compressor, and high reliability.

Abstract: A coating agent comprising a particulate PVA having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 1 .mu.m has excellent applicability through blade coaters or roll coaters.

Abstract: In a refrigerating cycle using a refrigerant containing hydrofluorocarbon as a main component, of a refrigerant pipe arrangement constituting the refrigerating cycle, a refrigerant pipe extending upward from a lower side to an upper side is made to have an inner diameter not larger than a value which makes the flow rate of the refrigerant be not smaller than a zero penetration flow rate. It is possible to obtain a refrigerating cycle superior in oil returning to a compressor and hence high in reliability, even in the case of using refrigerator oil having no compatibility with a refrigerant containing hydrofluorocarbon as a main component.

Abstract: A method of assembling a closed loop refrigerating air conditioning system using a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant by applying a first oil which is insoluble with the hydrocarbon refrigerant to components of a compressor, and storing the insoluble oil within the housing of the compressor in a single or mixed state.

Abstract: A size for yarn which minimizes thread break is described. The size comprises an aqueous solution of (I) a polyvinyl alcohol resin, (II) a modified starch, and a water-soluble cellulose compound (III), wherein the components are related by the following equations:(I)/(II)+(III))=85/15 to 95/5, and(II)/(III)=20/80 to 80/20,while simultaneously satisfying the expressions0.27X-0.7.ltoreq.log.sub.10 Y.ltoreq.0.27X+0.6; and (1)20.ltoreq.Y.ltoreq.300; (2)(A)/(B).ltoreq.0.5 (3)where X is the solid concentration in % by weight, Y is viscosity in centipoise at 90.degree. C. and a shear rate of 10 sec.sup.-1, (A) is viscosity at 60.degree. C. and a shear rate of 10,000 sec.sup.-1 of an adjusted aqueous solution resulting from the adjustment of the viscosity to 100 centipoise at 60.degree. C. and a shear rate of 10 sec.sup.-1 with said compound ratio of each of the components kept constant, and (B) is viscosity of 100 centipoise at 60.degree. C. and a shear rate of 10 sec.sup.-1 of said adjusted aqueous solution.

Abstract: There is disclosed an emulsion composition which comprises an aqueous emulsion (A) obtained by emulsion polymerization of 100 parts by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of 1 to 15 parts by weight of a carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol such as itaconic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol as the dispersant and a polyamide resin (B) such as polyamide epichlorohydrin. The above emulsion composition has a long pot-life and can easily be made into a film having a high wet strength and being excellent in water resistance, hot water resistance and heat resistance. Accordingly, it can effectively be utilized in a variety of applications including paint coating, adhesive, fiber sizing agent and paper coating.

Abstract: A refrigeration device comprising a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, an accumulator and a refrigerant is described. Lubricating oil present in the compressor is chosen so as to be insoluble with the refrigerant, and a particular accumulator design is described to ensure return of oil back to the compressor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for suspension polymerization of a vinyl polymer which comprises using as the suspending agent a polyvinyl ester polymer having an ionic group at an end thereof or a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a degree of hydrolysis of 90 mol % or less which is obtained by hydrolysis of the above polyvinyl ester polymer.According to the above-mentioned process, vinyl polymer granules having a sharp granulometric dispersion, high bulk density, high plasticizer absorption and low vinyl monomer residue are obtained.

Abstract: A high-strength target material for forming a thin magnetooptical recording film having a structure comprising: (a) 20-75% of a complex phase in which at least one crystallized iron-group metal is dispersed finely and uniformly in a dendritic, acicular or block form in a proportion of 5-40%, of the total composition, in a matrix of an intermetallic compound of at least one first rare earth metal and at least one iron-group metal; (b) 15-40% of a rare earth metal phase of at least one second rare earth metal; and (c) the remainder being an intermetallic compound phase of a reaction phase of the complex phase and the rare earth metal phase, all percentages being by area, wherein the first and second rare earth metals are the same or different. The target material has such a low permeability that thin magnetooptical recording films can be formed by a magnetron sputtering process with a high utilization.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a vinyl ester polymer having a high degree of polymerization at a high efficiency, which process comprises subjecting a vinyl ester monomer to seed polymerization by the use of a vinyl ester polymer emulsion as a seed emulsion under the conditions in which the charge of a water-soluble initiator per unit volume (1 liter) of reactant liquid charge is 1.times.10.sup.-8 to 2.times.10.sup.-4 mol, and the charge of the water-soluble initiator per one particle of the vinyl ester polymer particles in the seed emulsion is 1.times.10.sup.-28 to 1.times.10.sup.-20 mol, and a process for producing a vinyl alcohol polymer at a high efficiency from the vinyl ester polymer thus obtained.According to these processes of the present invention, both a vinyl ester polymer and vinyl alcohol polymer each having a higher degree of polymerization can be produced with ease on an industrial scale.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composition which comprises an aqueous emulsion selected from (A-1) aqueous emulsion comprising a dispersoid which comprises a vinyl ester polymer (1) and a copolymer a (meth)acrylic ester and a primary hydroxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer (2), the polymer (1) being present principally in the central part of the dispersoid, the copolymer (2) having a glass transition temperature of lower than 50.degree. C. an being present principally in the peripheral part thereof; and a dispersant comprising a vinyl alcohol polymer and (A-2) aqueous emulsion comprising a dispersoid which comprises a copolymer of a hydrophobic unsaturated monomer such as (meth)acrylic ester and a primary hydroxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and a dispersant comprising a vinyl alcohol polymer having a mercapto group at an end thereof and a (B) polyvalent isocyanate compound.

Abstract: There are disclosed a secondary suspending agent for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound (vinyl chloride, etc.) which comprises an aqueous dispersion comprising as the dispersoid, a polyvinyl ester having a degree of hydrolysis of 60 mol% or less, an average degree of polymerization of 4000 or more and an average particle diameter of 100 .mu.m or less; a suspension stabilizing agent comprising 5 to 70% by weight of the secondary suspending agent (PVA, etc.) and 30 to 95% by weight of a water-soluble high molecular compound having a degree of polymerization of 500 or more, the agent being used for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound; and a process for producing a vinyl polymer (PVC, etc.) comprising suspension polymerizing a vinyl compound by the use of the above suspension stabilizing agent. Both the agents are well suited for producing vinyl polymer granules enhanced in absorption rate of plasticizer, bulk density, removality of residual monomer and porosity.

Abstract: Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers wherein ethylene content is 10-70 mol % diad syndiotacticity is not less than 55 mol %, and intrinsic viscosity [.eta.] is not less than 0.05 l/g when measured with a mixed solvent of 85 weight % of phenol and 15 weight % of water at 30 20 C., which show less decrease of resistance to gas permeation under high temperature and high humidity, while retaining resistance to get permeation under low humidity, transparency and melt moldability, and moldings and laminates formed thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of aqueous printing on a recording medium for ink, the recording medium having an excellent ink absorbing property and a markedly excellent waterproof property, the method characterized in that the recording medium comprises a substrate containing a composition which comprises polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan and an aldehyde compound.

Abstract: Provided are water soluble films comprising a modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 2-pyrrolidone ring. The films have excellent water solubility, which can be maintained over a long period of time and under the condition of being contacted with an alkaline or acid substance, and at the same time have an appropriate touch and flexibility.

Abstract: This invention provides a water-soluble binder and a hot-melt binder for ceramics molding, said binder being composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer containing (meth)allyl group-containing nonionic monomer units or nitrogeneous group-containing nonionic monomer units.

Abstract: Method of cultivating mushrooms in a culture medium containing aluminum or a particular aluminum compound.

Abstract: An apparatus for correcting surface imperfections, especially as by a blow, on a surface of gear tooth includes a supporting device for a work gear so as to be capable of vibrating the work gear in the direction of the axis of the latter and burnishing gears which are rotatable and are capable of being brought into engaging contact with the work gear.

Abstract: The invention provides novel strains of Basidiomycetes and more particularly, novel strains of Lyophyllum ulmarium. The novel strains are characterized by having a cap which is not concave when the fruiting body has matured. A process is provided comprising inoculation of Lyophyllum ulmarium with a cap which is not concave when the fruiting body has matured on a medium to form the fruiting body.Also provided is a method comprising the mating of Lyophyllum ulmarium Lu 1-8 with other Lyophyllum ulmarium and the harvesting of Lyophyllum ulmarium with a cap which is not concave when the fruiting body has matured in a term of cultivation up to harvest of the fruiting body that does not exceed 100 days.