Abstract: A heating assembly includes: a liquid guiding element; and a heating element arranged on a vaporization surface formed by the liquid guiding element, the heating element being energizable to generate heat. The heating element includes a first heating part and a second heating part. A temperature coefficient of resistance of the first heating part is greater than a temperature coefficient of resistance of the second heating part. The first heating part and the second heating part form an electrical connection structure.

Abstract: Link detection method, apparatus, network device and controller are provided. The method includes sequentially sending a detection message from a starting network device to each network device up to an ending network device on a detected link, the detection message including a source IP address and a destination IP address on the detected link, and an identifier of the detection message; receiving link status information reported by a network device on the detected link, the link status information including the source IP address, the destination IP address, a device IP address of the network device, and the identifier; and performing a matching between the detection message and the detected link based on the source IP address, the destination IP address and the identifier included in the link status information, and locating a network position of the network device on the detected link based on the device IP address.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method, an apparatus and a system for controlling a service transmission rate. The method includes acquiring service transmission rate information reported by service gateways in a service gateway group in a distributed environment, the service gateways being gateways that transmit service data in parallel to an identical destination address and limit a transmission rate of service data based on respective flow limiting thresholds; adjusting a flow limiting threshold allocated to each service gateway to a specified value to obtain a specified threshold when a service transmission rate indicated by the service transmission rate information is greater than a flow limiting threshold corresponding to the service gateway, the specified values satisfying that a sum of the specified values on the service gateways is not greater than a bandwidth allocated by an operator to the destination address; and sending the specified thresholds to the service gateways.

Abstract: Link detection method, apparatus, network device and controller are provided. The method includes sequentially sending a detection message from a starting network device to each network device up to an ending network device on a detected link, the detection message including a source IP address and a destination IP address on the detected link, and an identifier of the detection message; receiving link status information reported by a network device on the detected link, the link status information including the source IP address, the destination IP address, a device IP address of the network device, and the identifier; and performing a matching between the detection message and the detected link based on the source IP address, the destination IP address and the identifier included in the link status information, and locating a network position of the network device on the detected link based on the device IP address.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method, an apparatus and a system for controlling a service transmission rate. The method includes acquiring service transmission rate information reported by service gateways in a service gateway group in a distributed environment, the service gateways being gateways that transmit service data in parallel to an identical destination address and limit a transmission rate of service data based on respective flow limiting thresholds; adjusting a flow limiting threshold allocated to each service gateway to a specified value to obtain a specified threshold when a service transmission rate indicated by the service transmission rate information is greater than a flow limiting threshold corresponding to the service gateway, the specified values satisfying that a sum of the specified values on the service gateways is not greater than a bandwidth allocated by an operator to the destination address; and sending the specified thresholds to the service gateways.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a system for preventing network attacks are provided. The method includes receiving a target DNS response message that is directed to an internal network device and sent from an external network device; determining whether the target DNS response message satisfies predetermined conditions under a circumstance that a dynamic white list includes a source address in the target DNS response message; and discarding the target DNS response message if the target DNS response message satisfies the predetermined conditions, wherein the predetermined conditions include at least a target domain in the target DNS response message being not included in a historical domain record, each historical domain name in the historical domain name record being extracted from historical DNS response messages sent by the external network device.