Abstract: Disclosed are methods for forming a supported catalyst and catalysts formed according to disclosed methods. Methods include contacting a catalyst support with a precursor solution and displacing the solvent of the precursor solution (e.g., water) with a second solvent that has a lower surface tension than the first solvent. The second solvent displaces the first solution according to the Marangoni effect. Methods also include activation of the precursor to form a catalyst, e.g., a supported platinum group metal catalyst or the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for forming a supported catalyst and catalysts formed according to disclosed methods. Methods include contacting a catalyst support with a precursor solution and displacing the solvent of the precursor solution (e.g., water) with a second solvent that has a lower surface tension than the first solvent. The second solvent displaces the first solution according to the Marangoni effect. Methods also include activation of the precursor to form a catalyst, e.g., a supported platinum group metal catalyst or the like.

Abstract: Methods to control the flow behavior of non-Newtonian materials are described. Methods can increase the shear-thinning behavior of non-Newtonian materials such as aqueous suspensions, polymer melts and solutions, etc. Methods include induction of electrostatic charges to the surface of particles, e.g., nanostructures, held in suspension in the materials. The suspensions include different types of particles having different point of zero charge. Electrostatic charges are induced through adjustment of the pH of a suspension containing the particles, thereby modifying rheological characteristics of the material.

Abstract: Described herein is a general scalable synthesis method for a high density of single metal atoms in a supported catalyst, supported isolated atoms featuring unique reactivity and the support materials determine the stability, electronic properties, and local environment which can be adjusted for targeted heterogeneous catalysis applications.