Abstract: Blind rivet sleeve for a blind rivet, having a sleeve head which has a bearing face for bearing against a visible workpiece surface, and having a sleeve shank, wherein the blind rivet sleeve has a through-opening through which a mandrel can be guided, wherein the sleeve shank has a head forming portion which, during the setting of the blind rivet, is designed to form a blind head, and has a folding portion which is arranged between the head forming portion and the sleeve head and which, during the setting of the blind rivet, is designed to form a sleeve fold for the purpose of achieving a clamping thickness compensation. In this arrangement, the sleeve head has in the region of the bearing face an axial recess for receiving at least part of the sleeve fold formed during the setting.

Abstract: Blind rivet sleeve for a blind rivet, having a sleeve head which has a bearing face for bearing against a visible workpiece surface, and having a sleeve shank, wherein the blind rivet sleeve has a through-opening through which a mandrel can be guided, wherein the sleeve shank has a head forming portion which, during the setting of the blind rivet, is designed to form a blind head, and has a folding portion which is arranged between the head forming portion and the sleeve head and which, during the setting of the blind rivet, is designed to form a sleeve fold for the purpose of achieving a clamping thickness compensation. In this arrangement, the sleeve head has in the region of the bearing face an axial recess for receiving at least part of the sleeve fold formed during the setting.

Abstract: Blind rivet sleeve for a blind rivet, having a sleeve head which has a bearing face for bearing against a visible workpiece surface, and having a sleeve shank, wherein the blind rivet sleeve has a through-opening through which a mandrel can be guided, wherein the sleeve shank has a head forming portion which, during the setting of the blind rivet, is designed to form a blind head, and has a folding portion which is arranged between the head forming portion and the sleeve head and which, during the setting of the blind rivet, is designed to form a sleeve fold for the purpose of achieving a clamping thickness compensation. In this arrangement, the sleeve head has in the region of the bearing face an axial recess for receiving at least part of the sleeve fold formed during the setting.

Abstract: A piston/connecting rod assembly is provided for an internal combustion engine. The piston has a piston pin bore which receives a piston pin. An end of a connecting rod has a connecting rod bore which receives the piston pin, and the wall of the connecting rod bore directly engages the piston pin, without a bushing therebetween. The connecting rod bore is symmetrical, and has a diameter which varies from a smaller uniform diameter central portion to a larger diameter portions at either end thereof. The connecting rod bore also has a profile which is symmetrical about a central plane which is perpendicular to a central axis of the connecting rod bore, and which is elliptical or quasi-elliptical on either side of a central uniform diameter portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a screen printing fabric made of self crossing plastic threads with an emulsion coating, wherein the plastic threads are coated with a vacuum metallized or sputtered encasing layer which is covered by an emulsion bearing metal coating produced by electroplating.

Abstract: A process for the production of fatty ketones by pyrolysis of fatty acid magnesium salts wherein fatty acids corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 COOH (I)in which R.sup.1 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, are heated to temperatures of 320.degree. to 360.degree. C. in the presence of magnesium oxide and the fatty ketones formed are distilled off from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A process for the isolation and purification of essentially fatty acid mixtures, which in addition to the methyl branched fatty acids contain saturated and unsaturated, respectively straight chain as well as methyl branched, unsaturated fatty acids, in which the industrial fatty acid mixtures are first hydrogenated by catalysis and then the methyl branched saturated fatty acids are separated, and in which before the hydrogenation if necessary, a separation by the hydrophilization process is provided, this process produces the desired products with a high yield and purity.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds containing one or two long-chain ester or amide radicals of etherified hydroxycarboxylic acids and, for the remainder, short-chain radicals, which are liquid to pasty substances that may readily be dissolved or dispersed in water or alcohol/water mixtures. They may be used in dilute or concentrated, storable form for softening fabrics without the absorbency of the treated fabrics being adversely affected. The quaternary ammonium compounds are obtained by reaction of epoxyfatty acid esters with amines and subsequent quaternization.

Abstract: Detergents on the basis of anionic and nonionic surfactants contain as laundering power-enhancing additives an aliphatic amine compound which is selected such that its pK.sub.b value is at least equal to 14, minus the initial pH value of a 1% aqueous solution of the detergent containing the amine compound. Laundering power-enhancing amine compounds selected according to the rule mentioned are certain ether amines, amidoamines, glucamine derivatives or morpholine derivatives.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the preparation of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid esters. More particularly, this invention is directed to a process for the simplified preparation of light-colored, wash-active esters of .alpha.-sulfofatty acids with monovalent C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alcohols or their salts from fats and oils of vegetable and/or animal origin comprising re-esterification with the monovalent alcohols or saponification and esterification with the monovalent alcohols, separation of the fatty acid ester formed, hydrogenation of the fatty acid ester, sulfonation, and bleaching, wherein a fatty acid ester fraction from which accompanying fatty acid glycerides have been removed to the extent of about 1 percent by weight or less, based upon the weight of the material to be sulfonated, is introduced into the sulfonation stage.

Abstract: Lower alkyl esters of higher fatty acids with improved processing properties, particularly sulfonation, are obtained by subjecting lower alkyl esters of higher fatty acids of plant and/or animal origin, or said fatty acids per se, in the presence of esterification catalysts and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides, to a brief temperature treatment above 150.degree. C., and separating simultaneously and/or subsequently, preferably by distillation, the purified lower alkyl esters of higher fatty acids or the purified higher fatty acids from the treated material and the purified higher fatty acids are then esterified with lower alkanols.

Abstract: The present invention is for a process for the preparation of alkali metal salts of acyl cyanamides, especially those of aliphatic carboxylic acids by reacting carboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols with monoalkali metal cyanamides. The reaction results in a process which is simple and efficient and one which can be used in commercial scale batch or continuous operations.

Abstract: Lower alkyl esters of higher fatty acids with improved processing properties, particularly sulfonation, are obtained by subjecting lower alkyl esters of higher fatty acids of plant and/or animal origin, or said fatty acids per se, in the presence of esterification catalysts and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides, to a brief temperature treatment above 150.degree. C., and separating simultaneously and/or subsequently, preferably by distillation, the purified lower alkyl esters of higher fatty acids or the purified higher fatty acids from the treated material and the purified higher fatty acids are then esterified with lower alkanols.

Abstract: Foam-inhibiting compositions for use in an aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol ethers corresponding to the following formulaR.sup.1 --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.2in which R.sup.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl radical containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and n is a number of from 7 to 12, mixtures of the same with a polyglycerol polyethylene glycol alkyl ether of 1 part by weight of polyglycerol having a hydroxyl number in the range of from 900 to 1200 adducted with from 4 to 20 parts by weight of ethylene oxide and etherified at the free hydroxyl groups with alkyls having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and their use as foam-inhibiting additives for low-foam cleaning agents.

Abstract: An aqueous anionic surfactant concentrate containing certain low molecular weight organic compounds as viscosity regulators and a method of regulating the viscosity of highly viscous concentrates, e.g. .alpha.-sulfo fatty acid ester surfactants in concentrations about 30% by weight. The viscosity regulators are selected from:(a) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl monocarboxylic acid substituted in the .alpha.-position by a halogen, cyano or sulfo group, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkanol,(b) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylene dicarboxylic acid substituted in the .alpha.-position by a halogen, cyano or sulfo group, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkanol,(c) nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts,(d) an ether alcohol containing from 2 to 4 alkylene glycol units and 1 alkoxy group,(e) and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Polyethylene glycol ethers of the type obtained by the addition of from 4 to 20 parts by weight of ethylene oxide onto 1 part by weight of polyglycerol having a hydroxyl number in the range from 900 to 1200 and subsequent etherification of the free hydroxyl groups with linear or branched alkyl halides containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and their use as foam-inhibiting additives for low-foam cleaning agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing sulfonated lubricating agents for leather and tanned furs consisting of the steps of:(a) chlorinating natural or synthetic higher fatty acids or esters of higher fatty acids having chain lengths of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms containing olefinically unsaturated fractions, up to saturation of the double bonds;(b) sulfochlorinating the chlorinated product from step (a) with chlorine and SO.sub.2 at a temperature of from about 20.degree. to 90.degree. C., optionally under UV-radiation, for a time sufficient to obtain a compound having a chlorine content of from about 5 to 30 percent by weight and a content of SO.sub.2 Cl groups of from about 1 to 20 percent by weight, the ratio of chlorine atoms to SO.sub.2 Cl groups being from about 0.7:1 to 70:1; and(c) saponifying the product from step (b) to form a water-emulsifiable alkali metal, ammonium, or lower alkyl-ammonium salt of the product of step (b).

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of alkali metal C.sub.8-22 .alpha.-olefin sulfonates of light color and of low sultone content are prepared rapidly and at moderate temperatures by:(a) reacting a C.sub.8-22 .alpha.-olefin with gaseous sulfur trioxide thereby forming a crude sulfonation product mixture containing C.sub.8-22 olefin sulfonic acids, with a content of sultones,(b) bleaching said crude sulfonation product mixture at 30.degree. C. to 80.degree. C. for 10 to 60 minutes with an aqueous alkaline bleaching solution at a pH of at least 8,(c) heating said diluted bleached sulfonation product mixture containing excess alkali to a temperature of from 140.degree. C. to 170.degree. C. until the sultone content of said sulfonation product mixture is less than 100 ppm, and(d) recovering said alkali metal C.sub.8-22 .alpha.-olefin sulfonates of light color and of low sultone content. A decrease in the sultone content from as much as 650,000 ppm to less than 50 ppm is possible by the method.

Abstract: A continuous process for the bleaching of acid .alpha.-sulfo-fatty acid esters of predominantly C.sub.16-24 fatty acids comprising continuously adding the hydrogen peroxide bleach in aqueous solution as well as from 2% to 50% by weight, based on the sulfonated esters, of a C.sub.6-18 alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, to said raw, acid .alpha.-sulfo-fatty acid esters at a temperature of 40.degree. to 65.degree. C, continuously passing said mixture through a confined zone of dimensions sufficient to give a proper bleach retention time and continuously recovering bleached .alpha.-sulfo-fatty acid esters.

Abstract: Process and agent for fatting or lubrication of leather and furs based on the salts of sulfonated chlorinated products of higher fatty acids or of esters of higher fatty acids, said fatty acids having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, especially natural fats and oils or tallow fatty acid methyl ester, having a chlorine content of 20% to 45% by weight and essentially free of olefinic double bonds and having an SO.sub.3 content of from 40 to 150 mol percent based on the chlorinated product, which agent and the leather and furs so treated are extraordinarily resistant to the effect of light, to oxidation and to acids.