Abstract: The invention set out to improve the oxidizing and bleaching effect of inorganic peroxygen compounds in dishwashing, more particularly machine dishwashing, in terms of their storage stability. This was essentially achieved by using particulate compounds corresponding to formula R1R2R3N−CH2CN X+, in which R1, R2, and R3 independently of one another represent an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, in addition to which the groups R2 and R3 may even be part of a heterocycle including the N atom and optionally other hetero atoms, and X is a charge-equalizing anion. Dishwashing detergents, more particularly machine dishwashing detergents, contain about 1% by weight to 10% by weight of this bleach-boosting agent.

Abstract: A process for phosphating metal surfaces in which a nitrite- and nickel-free zinc-containing phosphating solution is applied to the metal surfaces which, if desired, are then rinsed and subsequently after-rinsed with an aqueous solution with a pH value of 3 to 7 which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of one or more of the cations of Li, Cu and Ag.

Abstract: The cleaning performance of bleach-containing detergents, especially against protein- and starch-containing soils and colored soils, was to be improved.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous phosphating solution is presented having 0.2 to 3 g/l of zinc ions, 3 to 50 g/l of phosphate ions expressed as PO4−3, and 0.05 to 4 g/l of an organic N-oxide containing a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 5- or 6-membered ring system, where the N atom of the N-oxide is part of said ring system, and where the ratio by weight of phosphate ions to zinc ions is from 3.7 to 30:1. The solution is free of hydroxylamine and useful in phosphating metal surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to detergents characterized in that they contain &agr;-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and protease from Bacillus lentus, optionally modified by genetic engineering, in addition to our usual ingredients compatible with said enzymes.

Abstract: The invention set out to improve the oxidizing and bleaching effect of inorganic peroxygen compounds in dishwashing, more particularly machine dishwashing, in terms of their storage stability. This was essentially achieved by using particulate compounds corresponding to formula R1R2R3N+CH2CNX−, in which R1, R2, and R3 independently of one another represent an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, in addition to which the groups R2 and R3 may even be part of a heterocycle including the N atom and optionally other hetero atoms, and X is a charge-equalizing anion. Dishwashing detergents, more particularly machine dishwashing detergents, contain about 1% by weight to 10% by weight of this bleach-boosting agent.

Abstract: Low-foam emulsifier system consisting of:

Abstract: Detergents and cleaners having improved performance against protein-containing soils, containing a protease of the subtilisin type, in which—in at least one of positions 3, 4, 99, 188, 193, 199 and 211 (BLAP counting)—the amino acid present in that position in the wild-type protease is replaced by another amino acid, and coated particulate alkali metal percarbonate.

Abstract: Cationic polymers comprising at least 40 mole percent monomer units of the formula (I): wherein n is 2 to 4, R1 is hydrogen or methyl, and R2, R3 and R4 independently are hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkenyl, and X− is an anion selected from the group consisting of halide anions and monoalkyl anions of sulfuric acid semiester are used as soil-release compounds in hard surface cleaners.

Abstract: The storage stability of bleach-activating acetonitrile derivatives in solid detergent compositions was to be improved. This was essentially achieved by the use of compounded compounds corresponding to formula R1R2R3NxCH2CN X−, in which R1, R2 and R3 independently of one another represent an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, in addition to which the groups R2 and R3 may even be part of a heterocycle including the N atom and optionally other hetero atoms, and X is a charge-equalizing anion. “Compounds” of this type are produced by drying in vacuo, for which purpose a suspension of the acetonitrile derivative and a solid carrier material is introduced into a mixer and the resulting mixture is dried with superheated vapor. Dishwashing detergents, more particularly machine dishwashing detergents, contain about 1% by weight to 10% by weight of this bleach boosting compound.

Abstract: Described are complexes of the transition metals manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium and/or copper containing one or more ligands of general formula (I) ou (II)in which R is a direct bond or an optionally amin-group-substituted alkylene group with 1 to 4 C-atoms, A is a condensed or non-condensed ring system containing at least one nitrogen atom, B is hydrogen, an OH-group or the same as A, and X is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with and/or C.sub.1-4 alkyl or an optionally hydroxy-substituted C.sub.1-4 alkylene group. The complexes are suitable for use as activators or peroxy compounds in oxidative washing, cleaning and disinfectant solutions, washing and cleaning agents preferably containing 0.0025 to 0.25% by wt. of such activator complexes.

Abstract: A process for phosphating metal surfaces in which a nitrite- and nickel-free zinc-containing phosphating solution is applied to the metal surfaces which, if desired, are then rinsed and subsequently after-rinsed with an aqueous solution with a pH value of 3 to 7 which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of one or more of the cations of Li, Cu and Ag.

Abstract: A phosphate-free mildly alkaline, dishwashing detergent composition containing:(a) from 20 to 60% by weight of sodium citrate;(b) from 5 to 50% by weight of alkali metal hydrogen carbonate;(c) from 7 to 12% by weight of alkali metal carbonate;(d) from 2 to 20% by weight of a bleaching agent;(e) from 1 to 8% by weight of a bleaching agent activator; and(f) from 0.2 to 4% by weight of an enzyme, all weights being based on theweight of the composition wherein the composition in the form of a 1% by weight aqueous solution has a pH value of from about 8 to less than 10.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the corrosion of silver in a dishwashing detergent solution by adding to the solution an inorganic redox-active substance.

Abstract: A method for the temporary protection of metal surfaces from corrosion is provided in which the metal surface to be temporarily protected from corrosion is coated with a guanidinium salt of an unsaturated fatty acid containing 6 to 44 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for phosphating galvanized steel surfaces, preferably electrolytically or hot-dip galvanized surfaces of steel strip, by treating them in a bath or spray with acidic aqueous phosphating solutions, wherein the workpieces are given a d.c. cathodic treatment at the same time. In the process, (a) the phosphating solutions contain Zn.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.1 to 5 g/l, PO.sub.4.sup.-3 anions in the range from 5 to 50 g/l, NO.sub.3.sup.- anions in the range from 0.1 to 50 g/l, Mn.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.1 to 5 g/l, and Cu.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.001 to 1 g/l; (b) the following conditions are used: pH of the phosphating solution in the range from 1.5 to 4.5, temperature of the phosphating solution in the range from 10.degree. to 80.degree. C., treatment time in the range from 1 to 300 sec; and (c) the workpieces are also cathodically treated with a direct current with a density in the range from 0.01 to 100 mA/cm.sup.2 during phosphating.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for phosphating metallic surfaces, particularly electrolytically or hot dipped galvanized steel strip surfaces, by dip or spray processing the metallic surfaces with acidic aqueous phosphating solutions, wherein the workpieces are cathodically treated at the same time with a direct current. The process is characterized by (a) the use of phosphating solutions that contain the following components: Zn.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l; PO.sub.4.sup.-3 anions in a range from 5 to 50 g/l; NO.sub.3.sup.- anions in a range from 0.1 to 50 g/l; as well as Ni.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l and/or Co.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l; (b) the observance of the following conditions: pH value of the phosphating solutions in a range from 1.5 to 4.5; temperature of the phosphating solutions in a range from 10.degree. to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing stable low-viscosity O/W rust-inhibiting emulsions, characterized in that a mixture having the following composition is employed for the formation of the emulsion:a) from 10 to 60% by weight of an oil component;b) from 1 to 10% by weight of an emulsifier component consisting of at least one addition product of from 2 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide to fatty alcohols having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms;c) from 1 to 10% by weight of a corrosion inhibitor consisting of at least one carboxylic acid having the general formula (I):R--COOH (I),wherein R represents a straight-chain or branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl moiety comprising from 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a moiety having the general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.