Abstract: An optical device with a defined total device stress (&sgr;10) and a therefrom resulting defined birefringence in order to obtain a well defined optical polarization dependence is proposed. It comprises a lower cladding layer (3) with a first refractive index (n3), thereon an upper cladding layer (5) with a second refractive index (n5) and between an optical waveguide core (4) with a third refractive index (n4) which is bigger than the first refractive index (n3) and the second refractive index (n5). The optical waveguide core (4) has a waveguide core stress (&sgr;4) resulting from the manufacturing process and the upper cladding layer (5) is manufactured to have an inherent cladding layer stress (&sgr;5) which together with the waveguide core stress (&sgr;4) results in the total device stress (&sgr;10).

Abstract: A system of controller modules allowing to remotely control a train having a first locomotive and a second locomotive separated from one another by at least one car is provided. The system of controller modules comprises a first controller module associated to the first locomotive and a second controller module associated to the second locomotive. One of said controller modules has a lead operational status and the other has a trail operational status. The controller module having the lead operational status receives a master control signal for signaling the train to move in a desired direction and releases in response to the master control signal a first local command signal. The first local command signal is operative to cause displacement of the locomotive associated with the controller module having the lead operational status.

Abstract: A system of controller modules allowing to remotely control a train having a first locomotive and a second locomotive separated from one another by at least one car is provided. The system of controller modules comprises a first controller module associated to the first locomotive and a second controller module associated to the second locomotive. One of said controller modules has a lead operational status and the other has a trail operational status. The controller module having the lead operational status receives a master control signal for signaling the train to move in a desired direction and releases in response to the master control signal a first local command signal. The first local command signal is operative to cause displacement of the locomotive associated with the controller module having the lead operational status.