Abstract: In a method of forming a fuel/air mixture in an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection, wherein a combustion air flow is admitted to each cylinder through at least one intake passage tangentially to the cylinder wall such that a combustion air spin flow about the cylinder axis is formed in the combustion chamber and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in a fuel beam extending along the cylinder axis, at least one additional fluid stream is added to the combustion air flow in the intake passage at the side of the intake passage opposite the direction of the spin flow in the combustion chamber so as to provide an additional spin impulse to the combustion air in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for adjustment of the charging pressure in an internal-combustion engine exhaust gas turbocharger having an adjustable turbine geometry, to a predetermined operating-point-dependent desired charging pressure value. A fuzzy control function in an electronic control unit has as input quantities, a control difference and a control quantity, the latter being determined as the difference between an engine-operating-point-dependent maximum permissible differential pressure and a current differential pressure. The differential pressure is calculated as the difference from the exhaust back pressure and the charging pressure, so that unacceptable super elevation of the exhaust back pressure is recognized in the case of a positive load change, and is corrected by opening the blade position of the exhaust gas turbocharger with the variable turbine geometry, so that an optimum buildup of the torque takes place.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine comprising a compressor and a turbine with an impeller and a turbine wheel mounted on a common shaft, the exhaust turbine includes radial and semi-axial flow passages through which the exhaust gas is conducted to the turbine wheel and which are separated by a guide ring, and an annular sleeve is mounted in the turbine housing so as to be slideable therein along the axis of the turbine wheel across the radial flow passage for closing the radial flow passage of the turbine.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine comprising a compressor and an exhaust gas turbine mounted on a common shaft, the exhaust gas turbine includes a rotor with radial and semi-axial flow inlet areas and a single-flow duct surrounding the rotor and having port regions in the form of annular nozzle structures with guide vanes disposed adjacent each flow inlet area which are divided from one another by a ring of streamlined shape which is mounted to the guide vanes of one of the adjacent nozzle structures, said guide vanes having at least portions which are movable for adjusting the flow cross-section of the respective annular nozzle structures for controlling the flow through the radial and semi-axial flow inlet areas.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with combined pressure charging has an exhaust turbocharger turbine arranged in an exhaust conduit of the internal combustion engine driving a compressor arranged in an intake conduit. A mechanically driven supercharger is arranged downstream of the compressor and is coupled continuously variably to the engine via a Fottinger speed transformer with variable-pitch guide vanes and variable speed slip. To bypass the mechanically driven supercharger, a bypass conduit is provided. A circulating-air slide is arranged in the bypass conduit for controlling the air quantity bypassing the mechanically driven supercharger. The degree of opening of the circulating-air slide and the slip of the Fottinger speed transformer are controlled as a function of operating parameters such that the charge-air pressure is adjusted to a predetermined set point value.

Abstract: An arrangement for adjusting the boost pressure in an internal-combustion engine, supercharged by an exhaust-gas turbocharger with adjustable turbine diffuser, to a predetermined desired boost-pressure value dependent on the operating point. To improve the efficiency of the internal-combustion engine in the non-steady-state mode, especially after a positive load change out of low load and speed ranges, or, after a positive load change during the non-steady-state mode, below a predetermined threshold value for the exhaust-gas counterpressure upstream of the turbine the boost pressure is regulated according to a first characteristic corresponding to the instantaneous true deviation of the actual boost-pressure value from the desired boost-pressure value. After this threshold value has been exceeded, the exhaust-gas counterpressure is regulated predetermining hypothetical control deviations for the boost-pressure control circuit according to a special characteristic.

Abstract: A process for adjusting the boost pressure in an internal-combustion engine, supercharged by an exhaust-gas turbocharger with adjustable turbine diffuser, to a predetermined desired boost-pressure value dependent on the operating point. To improve the efficiency of the internal-combustion engine in the non-steady-state mode, especially after a positive load change out of low load and speed ranges, or, after a positive load change during the non-stead-state mode, below a predetermined threshold value for the exhaust-gas counterpressure upstream of the turbine the boost pressure is regulated according to a first characteristic corresponding to the instantaneous true deviation of the actual boost-pressure value from the desired boost-pressure value. After this threshold value has been exceeded, the exhaust-gas counterpressure is regulated predetermining hypothetical control deviations for the boost-pressure control circuit according to a special characteristic.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the load-dependent control of a turbocharger which is arranged in an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger includes an adjustable turbine guide apparatus which is adapted to be moved by way of an adjusting drive in the direction closing position or in the direction opening position. In order to be able to keep the response time of the turbocharger minimal during positive load changes with an optimum fuel consumption, the turbine guide apparatus is initially guided along a first predetermined characteristic curve in the direction closing position and subsequently in dependence on the charging pressure increase conditioned on the load increase according to a second predetermined characteristic curve again in the opening direction.