Abstract: An energy-sensitive imaging detector for fast-neutrons includes energy-selective radiator foil stacks converting neutrons into recoil protons. The foils are separated by gas-filled gaps and formed of two interconnected layers: a hydrogen-rich layer such as a polyethylene layer for neutron-to-proton conversion, and a metal foil layer, such as an aluminum layer, defining a proton energy cut-off and limiting a proton emission angle. Energetic recoil protons emerging from the radiator foil release electrons in surrounding gas in the gaps. An electric field efficiently drifts the electrons through the gaps. An electron detector with position sensitive readout, based on Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector technologies (such as THick Gaseous Electron Multipliers—THGEM) or other measures provides electron amplification in gas. The charge detector has a dedicated imaging data-acquisition system detecting the drifted electrons thereby sensing the position of the original impinging neutrons.

Abstract: An energy-sensitive imaging detector for fast-neutrons includes energy-selective radiator foil stacks converting neutrons into recoil protons. The foils are separated by gas-filled gaps and formed of two interconnected layers: a hydrogen-rich layer such as a polyethylene layer for neutron-to-proton conversion, and a metal foil layer, such as an aluminum layer, defining a proton energy cut-off and limiting a proton emission angle. Energetic recoil protons emerging from the radiator foil release electrons in surrounding gas in the gaps. An electric field efficiently drifts the electrons through the gaps. An electron detector with position sensitive readout, based on Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector technologies (such as THick Gaseous Electron Multipliers—THGEM) or other measures provides electron amplification in gas. The charge detector has a dedicated imaging data-acquisition system detecting the drifted electrons thereby sensing the position of the original impinging neutrons.

Abstract: Disclosed is an arrangement for quickly measuring the phase distribution or the component distribution in a flow cross section for substance mixtures also of a non-conducting type by measuring the complex electrical admittance. Said arrangement essentially features the following: at least one sine wave generator (5) which is mounted upstream from the transmitter electrodes (3a) of the excitation level and applies an alternating voltage to the transmitter electrodes (3a); current-to-voltage converters (7) which are mounted downstream from the receiver electrodes (3b), amplify the alternating current that flows from at least one excitation electrode (3a) through the medium to the receiver electrodes (3b), and convert said alternating current into a voltage signal; filter groups (10, 11, 16) and vector voltmeters (8) which are mounted downstream from the current-to-voltage converters (7) and allow the complex signal ratio Ua/Ue to be metrologically detected.

Abstract: A grid sensor including grids of electrode wires for measuring the electroconductivity of flow medium in the cross-section of a pipeline is particularly suitable for applications where the flow medium flows at high pressure and high temperatures. Each of the electrode wires is connected to a spring via an insulating bead, the spring being arranged in a hole in a sensor body of the sensor having an axis which is oriented in a tensioning direction of the electrode wire, and fixed to the sensor body. Each of the electrode wires on the side opposing the spring is covered with an insulating tube arranged in an outwardly guided channel in the sensor body. The insulating tube ends inside the channel, in a cavity filled with a sealing material. Neither the insulating bead nor the insulating tube are located in the cross-section wherein the measurement is to be carried out.

Abstract: Disclosed is an arrangement for quickly measuring the phase distribution or the component distribution in a flow cross section for substance mixtures also of a non-conducting type by measuring the complex electrical admittance. Said arrangement essentially features the following: at least one sine wave generator (5) which is mounted upstream from the transmitter electrodes (3a) of the excitation level and applies an alternating voltage to the transmitter electrodes (3a); current-to-voltage converters (7) which are mounted downstream from the receiver electrodes (3b), amplify the alternating current that flows from at least one excitation electrode (3a) through the medium to the receiver electrodes (3b), and convert said alternating current into a voltage signal; filter groups (10, 11, 16) and vector voltmeters (8) which are mounted downstream from the current-to-voltage converters (7) and allow the complex signal ratio Ua/Ue to be metrologically detected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grid sensor, including grids of electrode wires, for measuring the electroconductivity of a flow medium in the cross-section of a pipeline. The invention can be especially applied where the flow medium flows at a high pressure and at high temperatures. According to the invention, each electrode wire is mechanically connected to a spring on one side by means of an insulating bead, the spring being arranged in a hole in the sensor body having an axis which is oriented in the tensioning direction of the wire, and fixed to the sensor body in this position. Each electrode wire on the side opposing the spring is covered with an insulating tube arranged in an outwardly guided channel in the sensor body. The insulating tube ends inside the channel, in a cavity filled with a sealing material. Neither the insulating bead nor the insulating tube are located in the cross-section wherein the measurement is to be carried out.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring and recording a time-varying radiation absorption profile of an object undergoing a change that causes such a variation, includes: a continuous radiation emission source; a plurality of radiation detectors; a signal-reversing switch, connected to the detectors; a plurality of signal integrators for each detector, the integrators for each detector being connected to their detector by the signal-reversing switch, with portions of the plurality of the integrators being combined in banks of integrators, such that the signal reversing switch simultaneously connects the detectors with only the integrators of one of the banks; a control unit, connected with the signal reversing switch, for switching the signal reversing switch; a pulse generator, connected to an input of the control unit; and a synchronous signal transmitter, connected to an input of the control unit, for resetting the signal reversing switch to the integrators of a first bank of integrators.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is an arrangement for the recording of projections, representing the instantaneous condition of a series of instantaneous conditions for the periodically changing distribution of the absorption behaviour, even for objects whose shapes or composition undergo rapidly repeating changes and from which the distribution itself may be reconstructed and which perform the above with a gamma source which continuously emits radiation.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to propose an arrangement, with which, when shutting-off or throttling the transport of a liquid with a fitting, the occurrence of undesirable pressures in the pipeline is prevented reliably without supplying air or other gases into the pipeline, as well as without using an air chamber or an auxiliary fitting or additional controllers and without specifying a fixed shutting off and throttling rate. The implementation of the invention shall prevent impermissible pressures upstream as well as downstream of the shutting-off fitting. The invention provides that a braking system is connected with the pipeline and is driven by liquid pressure in the pipeline, acting on the drive shaft, the drive spindle or the drive rods of the shutting-off or throttling fitting.

Abstract: A measurement device is disclosed for measuring the conductivity distribution in liquids or multiple phase media flowing in any direction. A grid sensor has electrodes shaped as parallel electroconductive grid bars or wires located in two or three planes and electrically insulated from each other and from their mounting. The electrodes in the individual planes are mutually offset by preferably 90°. One of the planes, the middle plane when three planes are used, forms an exciter plane connected with a pulse generator, whereas the other planes(s) form receiver plane(s) coupled to processing electronics. in the disclosed signal generation process, the electrodes of the exciter plane are successively driven with a symmetrical bipolar rectangular pulse, and all non-driven electrodes are connected with low impedance to the zero potential.

Abstract: In order to develop a method for determining a measured value of a target measured variable of a multiphase flow, in particular, of a two-phase flow, wherein a value of a pressure of the multiphase flow is measured as a primary measured variable by means of a measuring device, with which a desired target measured variable of a multiphase flow, for example, the total mass flow can be determined in a simple manner from a primary measured variable, it is suggested in accordance with the invention that a time development of the primary measured variable be measured, the measured time development of the primary measured variable be compared with reference time developments of the primary measured variable, with which a respective reference value of the target measured variable is associated, and the measured value of the target measured variable be determined from the reference values of the target measured variable as a function of the result of the comparison of the measured development of the primary measured v