Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing acetylenes and syngas by partially oxidizing hydrocarbons with oxygen. A first feed stream (1) containing one or more hydrocarbons and a second feed stream (2) containing oxygen are —mixed in a ratio of the mass flows of the second feed stream (2) to the first feed stream (1) corresponding to an oxygen number of less than or equal to 0.31, said streams being heated separately from each other, —and fed to a combustion chamber (FR) via a burner block (BR), the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbons being carried out in said combustion chamber, —thereby obtaining a first cracked gas stream Ig. The invention is characterized in that —the first cracked gas stream Ig is precooled to a temperature ranging from 100 to 1000° C.

Abstract: A process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, is disclosed. The process consists of separately preheating and then mixing a first input stream containing a hydrocarbon and a second input stream containing oxygen, supplying the first input stream and the second input stream via a burner block to a firing space, quenching a cracking gas obtained to produce a process water stream and a product gas stream, cooling the product gas stream in a cooling column by direct heat exchange with cooling water, depleting soot in an electrostatic filter, combining all process water streams and passing through soot channels, subjecting the combined process water stream to a cleaning operation by partial vaporization in a one-stage flash vessel to obtain a cleaned process water stream, and recycling the cleaned process water stream into the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing acetylenes and syngas by partially oxidizing hydrocarbons with oxygen. A first feed stream (1) containing one or more hydrocarbons and a second feed stream (2) containing oxygen are mixed in a ratio of the mass flows of the second feed stream (2) to the first feed stream (1) corresponding to an oxygen number of less than or equal to 0.31, said streams being heated separately from each other, and fed to a combustion chamber (FR) via a burner block (BR), the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbons being carried out in said combustion chamber, thereby obtaining a first cracked gas stream Ig. The invention is characterized in that the first cracked gas stream Ig is precooled to a temperature ranging from 100 to 1000° C.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for producing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, wherein a first feedstock (1), containing one or more hydrocarbons, and a second feedstock (2), containing oxygen, —are preheated separately from one another, —are fed via a burner block (B) to a combustion chamber (F), in which the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbons takes place, —obtaining a cracked gas, which is quenched by injecting a quench oil downstream of the furnace body at 200° C. to 250° C., wherein —a flow of product gas Ig is obtained, which —is cooled in a burner column (BK) with further quench oil, obtaining —a flow of product gas IIg cooled to 60° C. to 90° C., which —is guided into a final cooler (SK), in which a flow of product gas IIIg, cooled to 20° C. to 50° C.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for producing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, wherein a first feedstock (1), containing one or more hydrocarbons, and a second feedstock (2), containing oxygen, are preheated separately from one another, are fed via a burner block (B) to a combustion chamber (F), in which the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbons takes place, obtaining a cracked gas, which is quenched by injecting a quench oil downstream of the furnace body at 200° C. to 250° C., wherein a flow of product gas Ig is obtained, which is cooled in a burner column (BK) with further quench oil, obtaining a flow of product gas IIg cooled to 60° C. to 90° C., which is guided into a final cooler (SK), in which a flow of product gas IIIg, cooled to 20° C. to 50° C.

Abstract: A process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, is disclosed. The process consists of separately preheating and then mixing a first input stream containing a hydrocarbon and a second input stream containing oxygen, supplying the first input stream and the second input stream via a burner block to a firing space, quenching a cracking gas obtained to produce a process water stream and a product gas stream, cooling the product gas stream in a cooling column by direct heat exchange with cooling water, depleting soot in an electrostatic filter, combining all process water streams and passing through soot channels, subjecting the combined process water stream to a cleaning operation by partial vaporization in a one-stage flash vessel to obtain a cleaned process water stream, and recycling the cleaned process water stream into the process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, by first separately preheating the starting gases comprising a hydrocarbon-containing stream and an oxygen-containing stream and then mixing them in a mixing zone and, after they have flowed through the burner block, reacting them in the firing space and then cooling the products rapidly, wherein the surface on the firing space side of the burner block is covered with a purge gas stream and this purge gas stream is introduced through the burner block by means of several bores, where the averaged ratio of effective surface area of the burner block to number of these bores in the burner block for the purge gas stream is within a range from 5 to 100 cm2.

Abstract: A process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, by first separately preheating the hydrocarbon gas and oxygen gas, and then reacting the gases and cooling the products rapidly. The reactor wall is blanketed with a purge gas stream, introduced through a plurality of feed lines. These feed lines deliver purge gas in a vector direction within a 10° angle of the main flow direction of the reactive gas stream. The purge gas is delivered at multiple stages relative to the main flow direction of the reactive gas stream, and the free cross section of the firing space available to the reactive gas stream, at the height of the feed lines of the purge gas stream, is approximately constant.

Abstract: A process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, by first separately preheating the hydrocarbon gas and oxygen gas, and then reacting the gases and cooling the products rapidly. The reactor wall is blanketed with a purge gas stream, introduced through a plurality of feed lines. These feed lines deliver purge gas in a vector direction within a 10° angle of the main flow direction of the reactive gas stream. The purge gas is delivered at multiple stages relative to the main flow direction of the reactive gas stream, and the free cross section of the firing space available to the reactive gas stream, at the height of the feed lines of the purge gas stream, is approximately constant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen, by first separately preheating the starting gases comprising a hydrocarbon-containing stream and an oxygen-containing stream and then mixing them in a mixing zone and, after they have flowed through the burner block, reacting them in the firing space and then cooling the products rapidly, wherein the surface on the firing space side of the burner block is covered with a purge gas stream and this purge gas stream is introduced through the burner block by means of several bores, where the averaged ratio of effective surface area of the burner block to number of these bores in the burner block for the purge gas stream is within a range from 5 to 100 cm2.

Abstract: Amines are prepared by reacting aldehydes or ketones at elevated temperature under elevated pressure with nitrogen compounds selected from the group of ammonia, primary and secondary amines, and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalytically active mass of the catalyst contains, after its preparation and before the treatment with hydrogen, 22 to 45% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO2, 1 to 30% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, where the molar ratio of nickel to copper is greater than 1, 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of cobalt, calculated as CoO, 0 to 5% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of molybdenum, calculated as MoO3, and 0 to 10% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum and/or manganese, calculated as Al2O3 or MnO2.

Abstract: Amines are prepared by reacting aldehydes or ketones at elevated temperature under elevated pressure with nitrogen compounds selected from the group of ammonia, primary and secondary amines, and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalytically active mass of the catalyst contains, after its preparation and before the treatment with hydrogen, 22 to 45% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO2,

Abstract: Halides are removed from halide-containing nitrile mixtures by(a) thermally treating the halide-containing nitrile mixture,(b) subsequently adding a base to the thermally treated nitrile mixture and(c) subsequently separating off the base from the nitrile mixture.Amines are prepared by(A) reacting alkyl halides with metal cyanides in an at least two-phase reaction medium in the presence of halide-containing phase-transfer catalysts to give alkanenitriles,(B) separating off the resulting halide-containing alkanenitrile mixture phase and(C) further treating the halide-containing alkanenitrile mixture phase, as described in the stages(a)-(c) removing halides from halide-containing nitrile mixtures and(d) hydrogenating nitrites obtained in stage (c) to give amines, in the presence of suspended or fixed-bed catalysts.

Abstract: A process for preparing phthalides of the general formula I, ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, by hydrogenating phthalic anhydrides of the general formula II, ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each as defined above, with hydrogen in the presence of suspended catalysts of the Raney type in a hydrogenation apparatus by using a mixing apparatus to mix a liquid phase, which includes the catalyst and the phthalic anhydride used and resulting phthalide, and a gas phase, which includes the hydrogenating hydrogen, comprises using the mixing apparatus to introduce a mixing intensity of at least 50 W/l into the liquid phase.

Abstract: The disclosure is a process for preparing a phthalide of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, by catalytic hydrogenation of a phthalic anhydride of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each as defined above, in a solvent, which comprises using said phthalide I, the reaction product of the catalytic hydrogenation, as solvent.

Abstract: The disclosure is a process for purifying phthalide contaminated by carboxylic acids and/or their derivatives, which comprises adding polyethylene glycol and/or polypropylene glycol to the phthalide to be purified and then performing a fractional distillation.

Abstract: In a process for the N-alkylation of amines in which alcohols are reacted with alkylamines or dialkylamines in the presence of hydrogen, the reaction takes place on a catalyst based on copper and magnesium silicate and containing, in each case independently, 0 to 2% by weight of BaO, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or ZnO. The amines employed are mono- or dimethylamine or mono- or diethylamine, the alcohols employed are .alpha.,.omega.-diols, in particular diethylene glycol or pentanediol. In particular there is reaction of diethylene glycol with monomethylamine and/or monoethylamine to give N-methylmorpholine and/or N-ethylmorpholine.

Abstract: In a process for preparing alkylamines by reacting amines and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of free hydrogen on a fixed bed catalyst in a reactor in which amines and aldehydes are mixed in the catalyst bed after being fed in in separate streams, only the aldehyde stream or only the amine stream is preheated during the feeding in.

Abstract: A process for preparing amines of the general formula (I)X(--CH.sub.2 --NR.sup.1 R.sup.2).sub.n (I)whereR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are preferably methyl, X is preferably 1,4-butylene and n is preferably 2, comprises reacting nitriles of the general formula (II)(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--CH.sub.2 --).sub.n-m X(--CN).sub.m (II)where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and X are each as defined above and m is an integer from 1 to n,with secondary amines of the general formula (III)HNR.sup.1 R.sup.2 (III)where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each as defined above,and hydrogen at from 50 to 250.degree. C. and from 5 to 350 bar in the presence of a palladium catalyst comprising, based on the total weight of the catalyst, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of Pd and from 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one further metal selected from groups IB and VII of the Periodic Table, cerium and lanthanum on a support.

Abstract: Preparation of heterocyclic aldehydes I ##STR1## (A, B=optionally substituted methylene groups; m, n=1 to 5; m+n>2), by hydrogenation of carboxylic acids IIa ##STR2## or one of their esters IIb derived from a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alcohol, at a temperature of from 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. over a catalyst.The end products are suitable as intermediates for herbicides of the cyclohexanone class.