Abstract: Polyazo dyes which in the form of the free acids correspond to the general formula I ##STR1## where D is the radical of a diazo component, or a radical of the formula ##STR2## n is 0 or 1, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, carboxyl, trifluoromethyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl or hydroxysulfonyl,R.sup.

Abstract: The novel compound (3-nitro-4-methyl)-phenyl chloroformate is prepared by reacting (4-methyl)-phenyl chloroformate with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid.The novel compound (3-nitro-4-methyl)-phenyl chloroformate is a valuable starting material for the preparation of dyes and crop protection agents and in particular is an intermediate for the preparation of 3-nitro-4-methylphenol, which is reduced to 3-amino-4-methylphenol.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an indolenine of the formula ##STR1## where R, X and Y are conventional substituents, by thermal rearrangement of a compound of the formula ##STR2## to give a compound of the formula ##STR3## and cyclization of this compound in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an indolenine of the general formula I ##STR1## where R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aliphatic radicals and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may also be linked and the ring A may be additionally substituted, wherein a compound of the formula II ##STR2## is heated in the presence of a Lewis acid and of a halide. The products are valuable starting compounds for the preparation of dyes.

Abstract: Halobenzenes are manufactured by (a) a one-vessel reaction of anilines with halogenating agents to give haloanilines, followed by reaction of the mixture thus obtained with alkanols and nitrosylating agents in the presence of water and acid at not less than 35.degree. C. or (b) the corresponding reaction of a haloaniline which has been manufactured in the above manner or by some other method and has been isolated from its reaction mixture. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of drugs, dyes and pesticides.

Abstract: N',N'-disubstituted N-(2-cyanophenyl)-formamidines are manufactured by reacting isatoic anhydrides with ammonia and then with a mixture of acid halides and formamides.The N-(2-cyanophenyl)-formamidines which may be manufactured by the process of the invention are valuable starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, crop protection agents and drugs.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which one R is identical with or different from the other R and each is alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl or quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl; A is ##STR2## or ##STR3## R.sup.1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;B is --CH.dbd.CH--, --CCl.dbd.CH--, --CCl.dbd.CCl--, --CH.dbd.CBr--, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --,1,2-phenylene, 1,8-naphthylene or 1,2-phenylene or 1,8-naphthylene bearing chloro, bromo, methoxy or ethoxy as a substituent; and T is acyl.The compounds are eminently suitable as optical brighteners, particularly for polyesters and blends of polyester and cotton.

Abstract: Dimethylaminobenzenesulfonates are manufactured by reacting nitrobenzenesulfonates with formaldehyde and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst containing a metal of atomic number from 24 to 29 and of phosphoric acid and water at a pH of from 2 to 3.5, at from 50 to 150.degree. C, under a pressure of at least 40 bars, with a residence time of from 1 to 15 minutes. The products are starting materials for the synthesis of dyes, especially of rhodamine dyes, oxazine dyes and reactive dyes, and also of pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Abstract: Process for the production of benzothiazoles from N-arylsubstituted thioureas by oxidative ring closure characterized by the use of chlorine as oxidizing agent and by the presence of catalytic amounts of bromine. Yield and quality of the benzothiazoles obtained are very good.

Abstract: Compounds of the naphthalimide series which in the dissolved condition exhibit a characteristic blue, violet or bluish violet fluorescence, and a process for their production. The compounds are outstandingly suitable for the optical brightening of synthetic fibers.

Abstract: Arylamines are manufactured by reacting alcohols with amines in the presence of phosphorus-III compounds. The arylamines I manufactured by the process of the invention are intermediates for the manufacture of crop protection agents, optical brighteners, especially amino-coumarin derivatives, and dyes, especially of the xanthene, pyronine, rhodamine, oxazine, azo, triphenylmethane and diphenylmethane series.

Abstract: Halonitrobenzenes are manufactured by reacting halonitroanilines with alkanols and nitrosating agents in the presence of water and an acid at not less than 35.degree. C. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, dyes and pesticides.

Abstract: Bisstyryl-substituted aryl compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## where X is arylene and R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 are substituents common to the dye art. The compounds are useful as optical brighteners, particularly for acrylonitrile polymers, and give excellent whitening having good fastness properties.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is --O--, --S-- or --CH=CH-- and X and Z are substituents, obtained from the corresponding 2-iminocoumarines by reaction with a compound of the formula ##STR2## The dyes give brilliant yellow to red shades on textile material, particularly polyesters and acrylonitrile polymers.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula: ##SPC1##In whichR, r.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl and one R may also be hydrogen. The dyes are very suitable for dyeing acrylonitrile polymers.

Abstract: 6-N-triazinylaminobenzofurans and their production. The compounds are suitable for the optical brightening of natural and synthetic fibers and also of plastics materials, particularly of polyamides, cellulose esters, polyesters and acrylonitrile polymers.

Abstract: Naphthalimides of the formula ##SPC1##In which R is substituted alkyl or heteroaralkyl and R' is alkyl or alkyl bearing alkoxy or hydroxy as a substituent. The compounds are eminently suitable for the optical brightening of synthetic fibers, particularly acrylonitrile polymers, on which outstanding brightening effects are obtained.

Abstract: Naphthalimides of the formula ##SPC1##In which R and R.sup.1 are hydrocarbon radicals. The compounds are eminently suitable for the optical brightening of synthetic fibers, particularly polyesters, on which outstanding brightening effects are obtained.