Abstract: A method for producing immunoprotected pancreatic islets including forming double-layer PEGylated pancreatic islets by adding a first heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecule and a second heterobifunctional PEG molecule to pancreatic islets and forming immunoprotected pancreatic islets by conjugating a plurality of JAG-1 peptides to the double-layer PEGylated pancreatic islets.

Abstract: A method for isolating oogonial stem cells (OSCs) including forming an ovarian cell suspension from an ovary, forming ovaroids by culturing the ovarian cell suspension in a three-dimensional culture, and migrating the OSCs around the ovaroids by culturing the ovaroids on a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)-coated plate.

Abstract: A method for derivation and maintenance of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells is disclosed. The method includes isolating mES cells from mouse embryos in a culture medium including an R2i compound, and culturing the mES cells in a medium including the R2i compound or a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) signaling pathway inhibitor. The R2i compound includes combination of a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) signaling pathway inhibitor and an extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling pathway inhibitor. This method can facilitate the homogeneous expression of pluripotency factors in embryonic stem cells.

Abstract: A method for generating alveolar type II (AT II) cells or lung epithelial cells is disclosed. The method comprises a two-step differentiation protocol to generate alveolar type II (AT II) cells from one or more embryonic stem cells (mESC). The two-step differential protocol is performed by first step of, inducing the embryonic stem cells (mESC) by a definitive endoderm (DE) inducer to produce mESC-DE cells at a first period of time. The second step includes, inducing the mESC-DE cells by one or more growth promoting factors at a second period of time to generate AT (II) cells. The method for generating AT (II) cells from the embryonic stem cells (mESC) ensures abundant production of AT (II) cells for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Moreover, the main function of AT (II) cells is the production of surfactants, which could be used for the treatment of lungs related diseases.

Abstract: The various embodiments herein provide a method for derivation and long term establishment of ground state pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Further the embodiments herein provides a method to inhibit the ERK and TGF ? signalling pathways for long term maintenance of the embryonic stem cells. The R2i mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from 3.5 day blastocysts. The mouse ES cells are cultured in media containing R2i and 2i inhibitors of ERK and TGF ? pathways. The ES cells are subjected to in vitro and in vivo differentiation. The ES cells are subjected to RT-PCR and qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and karyotyping. The result reveals that the R2i maintains the ground state of ES cells and self renewal. Also R2i increases embryonic cleavage and clonal propagation of ES. Further R2i asserts genomic integrity and pluripotency of ES.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a xeno-free and a feeder free self-renewal extracellular matrix for long-term maintenance of undifferentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and undifferentiated Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs) and a method of synthesizing the same. The extracellular matrix includes a conditioned medium comprising a neurobasal medium, a DMEM/F12 medium, a plurality of additives and a plurality of feeder cells. The plurality of additives are L-glutamine, ?-mercaptoethanol, nonessential amino acids and insulin-transferrin-selenite. The feeder cells are Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFs). The conditioned medium may be added with a Rho-associated Coiled Kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632. The extracellular matrix is in the form of a gel. The method comprises preparing a conditioned medium and incubating the conditioned medium for 24 hours or 72 hours at 37° C. The method comprises coating a plate with the prepared conditioned medium for 5 min or 15 min.