Abstract: Confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are two components combined in a system using the same optical train that have significant potential applications, such as for real-time in situ view of tissue in a clinical setting. Preferably the two methods employ wavelength ranges that are different, and more preferably non-overlapping, allowing rapid switching between the two imaging techniques. The system illuminates multiple points of a sample and provides outputs indicative of sample properties at the multiple points simultaneously for confocal microscopy and OCT. When used in an endoscope, an optical fiber bundle inserted in an animal body is used to transmit light from the system to tissue and collect return light and deliver the return light for confocal microscopy and OCT imaging.