Abstract: A ratiometric vapor sensor is described that includes a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor includes a first semiconductor component comprising a vapor-sensitive semiconducting organic compound, while the second sensor includes a second semiconductor component comprising a modified vapor-sensitive semiconducting organic compound including a modifying organic group. The ratiometric vapor sensor can be used to detect the presence of a vapor such as nitrogen dioxide, and determine the concentration of the vapor by comparing the outputs of electrodes connected to the first and second sensor.

Abstract: An ethylene-sensitive sensor is described that includes a power source; an ethylene-sensitive semiconductor component electrically connected to the power source, the semiconducting component comprising a semiconducting organic compound; an input electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor component; and an output electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor component. The semiconductor material is at least partially exposed such that it can be contacted by a vapor. Methods of using the ethylene-sensitive sensor to detect ethylenic compounds are also described.

Abstract: A ratiometric vapor sensor is described that includes a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor includes a first semiconductor component comprising a vapor-sensitive semiconducting organic compound, while the second sensor includes a second semiconductor component comprising a modified vapor-sensitive semiconducting organic compound including a modifying organic group. The ratiometric vapor sensor can be used to detect the presence of a vapor such as nitrogen dioxide, and determine the concentration of the vapor by comparing the outputs of electrodes connected to the first and second sensor.

Abstract: Nanostructures comprising ?-conjugated peptides for energy migration in aqueous environments are disclosed. Conductive material comprising these nanostructures, and supramolecular assemblies comprising covalently-bound electron donor-acceptor chromophores for photoinduced electron transfer also are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a spatially patterned structure includes forming a layer of a material on at least a portion of a substructure of the spatially patterned structure, forming a barrier layer of a flourinated material on the layer of material to provide an intermediate structure, and exposing the intermediate structure to at least one of a second material or radiation to cause at least one of a chemical change or a structural change to at least a portion of the intermediate structure. The barrier layer substantially protects the layer of the material from chemical and structural changes during the exposing. Substructures are produced according to this method.

Abstract: An ethylene-sensitive sensor is described that includes a power source; an ethylene-sensitive semiconductor component electrically connected to the power source, the semiconducting component comprising a semiconducting organic compound; an input electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor component; and an output electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor component. The semiconductor material is at least partially exposed such that it can be contacted by a vapor. Methods of using the ethylene-sensitive sensor to detect ethylenic compounds are also described.

Abstract: A method for producing a spatially patterned structure includes forming a layer of a material on at least a portion of a substructure of the spatially patterned structure, forming a barrier layer of a flourinated material on the layer of material to provide an intermediate structure, and exposing the intermediate structure to at least one of a second material or radiation to cause at least one of a chemical change or a structural change to at least a portion of the intermediate structure. The barrier layer substantially protects the layer of the material from chemical and structural changes during the exposing. Substructures are produced according to this method.

Abstract: A method for producing a spatially patterned structure includes forming a layer of a material on at least a portion of a substructure of the spatially patterned structure, forming a barrier layer of a fluorinated material on the layer of material to provide an intermediate structure, and exposing the intermediate structure to at least one of a second material or radiation to cause at least one of a chemical change or a structural change to at least a portion of the intermediate structure. The barrier layer substantially protects the layer of the material from chemical and structural changes during the exposing. Substructures are produced according to this method.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a thermoelectric polymer composite. The composite comprises: at least one polymer selected from semiconducting polymers and conducting polymers; and at least one particle inclusion having one or more dimensions of 1 millimeter or less and at least one dimension of 10 nanometer or more. A sufficient amount of the particle inclusion is distributed within the polymer so that the power factor of the composite is greater that the power factor of either the polymer or the particle inclusion separately.

Abstract: A method for producing a spatially patterned structure includes forming a layer of a material on at least a portion of a substructure of the spatially patterned structure, forming a barrier layer of a fluorinated material on the layer of material to provide an intermediate structure and exposing the intermediate structure to at least one of a second material or radiation to cause at least one of a chemical change or a structural change to at least a portion of the intermediate structure. The barrier layer substantially protects the layer of the material from chemical and structural changes during the exposing. Substructures are produced according to this method.

Abstract: Nanostructures comprising ?-conjugated peptides for energy migration in aqueous environments are disclosed. Conductive material comprising these nanostructures, and supramolecular assemblies comprising covalently-bound electron donor-acceptor chromophores for photoinduced electron transfer also are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a spatially patterned structure includes forming a layer of a material on at least a portion of a substructure of the spatially patterned structure, forming a barrier layer of a fluorinated material on the layer of material to provide an intermediate structure, and exposing the intermediate structure to at least one of a second material or radiation to cause at least one of a chemical change or a structural change to at least a portion of the intermediate structure. The barrier layer substantially protects the layer of the material from chemical and structural changes during the exposing. Substructures are produced according to this method.

Abstract: An x-ray detector includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, an organic p-type semiconducting layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and an organic n-type semiconducting layer disposed between the first and second electrodes and in contact with the organic p-type semiconducting layer to form a pn-junction layer therebetween. At least one of the organic p-type semiconducting layer or the organic n-type semiconducting layer includes an x-ray absorbing material blended therein.

Abstract: An electro-chemical sensor includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and a semiconductor channel in electrical contact with the first and second electrodes. The semiconductor channel includes a trapping material. The trapping material reduces an ability of the semiconductor channel to conduct a current of charge carriers by trapping at least some of the charge carriers to localized regions within the semiconductor channel. The semiconductor channel includes at least a portion configured to be exposed to an analyte to be detected, and the trapping material, when exposed to the analyte, interacts with the analyte so as to at least partially restore the ability of the semiconductor channel to conduct the current of charge carriers.

Abstract: An electronic or electro-optic device has a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The dielectric layer has electrically insulating planar layers with intercalated ions therebetween such that the electrically insulating planar layers provide a barrier to impede movement of the intercalated ions to the first and second electrodes under an applied voltage while permitting a polarization of the dielectric layer while in operation.

Abstract: Provided are methods for producing multiple distinct transistors from a single semiconductor layer, and apparatus incorporating transistors so produced.

Abstract: Techniques including steps of: providing a support body; forming an organic semiconductor composition body including an organic semiconductor composition on the support body, no more than 10% by weight of the organic semiconductor composition being pentacene; providing a first organic dielectric composition mobilized in a first liquid medium, the organic semiconductor composition being insoluble in the first liquid medium; and forming a first organic dielectric composition body from the first organic dielectric composition on the organic semiconductor composition body. Techniques in which an organic semiconductor composition body is formed on an organic dielectric composition body. Apparatus having an organic dielectric composition body on an organic semiconductor composition body.

Abstract: An emulsion includes a substantially continuous liquid medium, and a plurality of droplet structures dispersed within the substantially continuous liquid medium. Each droplet structure of the plurality of droplet structures includes an outer droplet of a first liquid having an outer surface; an inner droplet of a second liquid having an inner surface contained within the outer surface of the outer droplet of the first liquid, the second liquid being immiscible in the first liquid, wherein the inner and outer droplets have a boundary surface region therebetween; an outer layer of block copolymers disposed on the outer surface of the outer droplet; and an inner layer of block copolymers disposed on the inner surface of the inner droplet. The block copolymers include a hydrophilic polymer block and a hydrophobic polymer block that act in combination to stabilize the droplet structure, and the first liquid is immiscible in the substantially continuous liquid medium.

Abstract: A molecule including a chain-like core region having two ends and having at least three conjugated aromatic rings; and including at the two ends, branched groups R1 and R2 respectively, each including a C5- to C20-alkyl group. A semiconducting composition including the molecule.

Abstract: Provided are methods for producing multiple distinct transistors from a single semiconductor layer, and apparatus incorporating transistors so produced.