Abstract: A first playback device may include at least one battery, a network interface, at least one processor, a non-transitory computer-readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium. The program instructions may be executable by the at least one processor such that the first playback device is configured to (i) receive an instruction to operate as a group coordinator of a synchrony group, (ii) determine a value of a battery state variable of the at least one battery, (iii) based on the value of the battery state variable of the at least one battery, select a second playback device from one or more other members of the synchrony group to operate as the group coordinator of the synchrony group, and (iv) cause the second playback device to operate as the group coordinator of the synchrony group.

Abstract: In one aspect, a computing device is configured to, while operating as a control device of a networked media playback system that includes a first set of network devices and a second set of network devices, (i) transmit a first message to each network device in the first set of network devices, wherein the first message comprises a command to, at a first time, temporarily disconnect from the computing device via a particular communication protocol, (ii) transmit a second message to each network device in the second set of network devices, wherein the second message comprises a command for the network device in the second set of network devices to, at a second time, test connectivity with the computing device; and (iii) after the second time, determine whether each network device in the second set of network devices was connected to the computing device.

Abstract: Low-latency audio networking is disclosed. In one embodiment, an example playback device includes a processor and memory having stored thereon instructions executable by the processor. The example instructions are to cause the first playback device to perform functions comprising: receiving audio information; selecting a first frequency channel of a first spectrum based on a threshold latency associated with the audio information; transmitting to the second playback device via a second frequency channel of a second spectrum, control information that identifies the first frequency channel of the first spectrum; and transmitting to the second playback device via the first frequency channel of the first spectrum, the audio information to be played by the second playback device.

Abstract: Example techniques relate to re-establishing connectivity of playback devices. In an example implementation, a first playback device determines that a first access point has been replaced with a second access point, wherein the first playback device previously established a valid network connection over the first WLAN using first network parameters. The first playback device connects to the second access point, the second access point providing a second WLAN. The first playback device requests, via the wireless network interface from the second access point, an IP address in a second subnet, the second subnet covering a different range of IP addresses than the first subnet and establishes a network connection over the second WLAN using second network parameters stored in the data storage of the first playback device.

Abstract: Example embodiments involve a standby mode of a playback device. An example implementation involves a first playback device receiving, while an audio processing component of the first playback device is in standby, a first packet over a network. The audio processing component consumes relatively less power in standby compared with not operating in standby. In response to receiving the first packet, the first playback device exits standby, and enters a non-standby mode. Entering the non-standby mode enables the audio processing component of the first playback device. The first playback device also broadcasts over the network a second packet comprising a payload that is associated with a destination address. After receiving the first packet, the first playback device forwards packets to a second playback device. Once the first playback device is no longer forwarding the packets, the first playback device enters standby.

Abstract: Example techniques related to portable playback device power management. An example implementation involves launching a power coordinator background process, the power coordinator background process having multiple client programs and establishing respective inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms between the multiple client programs and the power coordinator background process. The implementation further involves receiving, via the established IPC mechanisms from the multiple client programs, messages indicating that the respective client program is ready to suspend, and determining that each client program of the multiple client programs is ready to suspend. The implementation further includes sending instructions to the operating system to kernel suspend. While in kernel suspend, the playback device detects a particular trigger to kernel resume and in response, performs a kernel resume.

Abstract: Example techniques related to battery-powered playback devices. In an example, a first battery-powered playback device receives audio content from a network device and forwards the audio content to a second playback device for synchronous playback of the audio content with the second playback device, plays back the audio content, detects that a battery level of a battery of the first playback device has fallen below a predefined threshold, and ceases the forwarding of the audio content after the battery level of the battery of the first playback device has fallen below the predefined threshold. After the battery level of the first playback device has fallen below the predefined threshold, the second playback device receives the audio content from the network device, forwards the audio content to the first playback device for synchronous playback with the first playback device, and plays back the audio content in synchrony with the first playback device.

Abstract: A network interface of a first computing device is configured to operate according to a bridge table. The bridge table defines a spanning tree protocol for a mesh network and identifies one or more reachable nodes. A communication characteristic between the first computing device and a second computing device of the one or more reachable nodes is determined to exceed a quality threshold. Based on the determination that the communication characteristic exceeds the quality threshold, the spanning tree protocol is overridden and the data is transmitted directly to the second computing device via a direct communication route.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided for utilizing communication routes based operation mode. In an example implementation, while operating in a normal power mode, a playback device maintains information in a network table, the information includes first information associated with a second playback device of the networked media system and second information associated with a third playback device of the networked media system. The playback device determines that the first playback device is to enter a low power mode to draw less power from a battery of the first playback device relative to the normal power mode, and responsive to the determination, foregoing maintaining of the second information in the network table. Thereafter, the playback device determines that the first playback device is to return to normal power mode; and, and in response, synchronizes with the second playback device based at least in part on the first information for playback of audio content.

Abstract: Examples described herein involve selecting a group coordinator device for a zone group. An example implementation includes: receiving an instruction to form a zone group comprising the first media device and the second media device; comparing a first one or more communication parameters corresponding to a network connection of the first media device to a second one or more communication parameters corresponding to a network connection of the second media device; identifying the first media device as a group coordinator of the zone group based on at least the indication that the first media device communicates with the router over the first communication frequency band; and configuring the first media device to provide data indicating audio content and audio content playback timing information to the second media device to facilitate synchronous playback of the audio content as the group coordinator of the zone group.

Abstract: A first playback device may include at least one battery, a network interface, at least one processor, a non-transitory computer-readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium. The program instructions may be executable by the at least one processor such that the first playback device is configured to (i) receive an instruction to operate as a group coordinator of a synchrony group, (ii) determine a value of a battery state variable of the at least one battery, (iii) based on the value of the battery state variable of the at least one battery, select a second playback device from one or more other members of the synchrony group to operate as the group coordinator of the synchrony group, and (iv) cause the second playback device to operate as the group coordinator of the synchrony group.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed and described to facilitate resolution of Internet Protocol address conflicts. An example method includes periodically broadcasting, by the playback device over the network, a probe message, detecting, by the playback device, a change in status associated with the connection, based on the detection, obtaining, by the playback device, a new Internet Protocol (IP) address; and based on the detection, including, by the playback device in at least one probe message broadcast subsequent to the detection, an indication for other playback devices on the network to obtain a new IP address.

Abstract: Systems and methods for maintaining knowledge of a network address (e.g., a MAC address) for a playback device while changing power states are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for maintaining knowledge of the network identity of a playback device while changing power states includes determining that a playback device is entering a sleep state, sending state information from the playback device to a central data repository over a network responsive to the determination that the playback device is entering sleep state, where state information includes a MAC address, receiving the state information about the playback device at a waking device from the central data repository, waking the playback device periodically at predetermined time intervals while in sleep state to listen for messages addressed to the MAC address, and receiving a wake-up message at the playback device from the waking device and responding by changing from sleep to active state.

Abstract: Example techniques relate to re-establishing connectivity of playback devices. In an example implementation, a first playback device determines that a first access point has been replaced with a second access point, wherein the first playback device previously established a valid network connection over the first WLAN using first network parameters. The first playback device connects to the second access point, the second access point providing a second WLAN. The first playback device requests, via the wireless network interface from the second access point, an IP address in a second subnet, the second subnet covering a different range of IP addresses than the first subnet and establishes a network connection over the second WLAN using second network parameters stored in the data storage of the first playback device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are playback devices, groups of playback devices, and methods of operating playback devices and groupings thereof to cause the playback devices in a mixed-mode configuration to play audio content in synchrony with each other.

Abstract: A network interface of a first computing device is configured to operate according to a bridge table. The bridge table defines a spanning tree protocol for a mesh network and identifies one or more reachable nodes. A communication characteristic between the first computing device and a second computing device of the one or more reachable nodes is determined to exceed a quality threshold. Based on the determination that the communication characteristic exceeds the quality threshold, the spanning tree protocol is overridden and the data is transmitted directly to the second computing device via a direct communication route.

Abstract: Systems and methods for maintaining knowledge of a network address (e.g., a MAC address) for a playback device while changing power states are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for maintaining knowledge of the network identity of a playback device while changing power states includes determining that a playback device is entering a sleep state, sending state information from the playback device to a central data repository over a network responsive to the determination that the playback device is entering sleep state, where state information includes a MAC address, receiving the state information about the playback device at a waking device from the central data repository, waking the playback device periodically at predetermined time intervals while in sleep state to listen for messages addressed to the MAC address, and receiving a wake-up message at the playback device from the waking device and responding by changing from sleep to active state.

Abstract: Example embodiments involve a standby mode of a playback device. An example implementation involves a first playback device receiving, while an audio processing component of the first playback device is in a standby mode, a first packet over a network. The audio processing component consumes relatively less power in standby mode compared with an active mode. In response to receiving the first packet, the first playback device exits the standby mode, and enters the active mode. Entering the active mode enables the audio processing component of the first playback device. The first playback device also broadcasts over the network a second packet comprising a payload that is associated with a destination address. After receiving the first packet, the first playback device forwards packets to a second playback device. Once the first playback device is no longer forwarding the packets, the first playback device enters the standby mode.

Abstract: Example techniques related to battery-powered playback devices. In an example, a first battery-powered playback device receives audio content from a network device and forwards the audio content to a second playback device for synchronous playback of the audio content with the second playback device, plays back the audio content, detects that a battery level of a battery of the first playback device has fallen below a predefined threshold, and ceases the forwarding of the audio content after the battery level of the battery of the first playback device has fallen below the predefined threshold. After the battery level of the first playback device has fallen below the predefined threshold, the second playback device receives the audio content from the network device, forwards the audio content to the first playback device for synchronous playback with the first playback device, and plays back the audio content in synchrony with the first playback device.

Abstract: Example techniques related to portable playback device power management. An example implementation involves launching a power coordinator background process, the power coordinator background process having multiple client programs and establishing respective inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms between the multiple client programs and the power coordinator background process. The implementation further involves receiving, via the established IPC mechanisms from the multiple client programs, messages indicating that the respective client program is ready to suspend, and determining that each client program of the multiple client programs is ready to suspend. The implementation further includes sending instructions to the operating system to kernel suspend. While in kernel suspend, the playback device detects a particular trigger to kernel resume and in response, performs a kernel resume.