Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound for effectively preventing nerve damage and protecting nerves, and a preparation method thereof. Besides, the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the novel compound, and a use of the novel compound for preventing nerve damage and protecting nerves.

Abstract: A forming tool has an upper portion composed of an upper forming die arranged between a first clamping element and a second clamping element, and a lower portion composed of a lower forming die arranged between a third clamping element and a fourth clamping element. The first clamping element and the third clamping element cooperate to exert a first clamping force on a workpiece; and the second clamping element and the fourth clamping element cooperate to exert a second clamping force on the workpiece. The upper forming die cooperates with the first and second clamping elements and the lower forming die cooperates with the third and fourth clamping elements to exert a lateral force on the workpiece when the first and second clamping forces are being exerted on the workpiece and when a vertical compressive force is being exerted upon the upper forming die and the lower forming die.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a spacer adjacent to the MTJ, a liner adjacent to the spacer, and a first metal interconnection on the MTJ. Preferably, the first metal interconnection includes protrusions adjacent to two sides of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the protrusions contact the liner directly.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a first spacer on one side of the of the MTJ, a second spacer on another side of the MTJ, a first metal interconnection on the MTJ, and a liner adjacent to the first spacer, the second spacer, and the first metal interconnection. Preferably, each of a top surface of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the first metal interconnection includes a planar surface and two sidewalls of the first metal interconnection are aligned with two sidewalls of the MTJ.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a first spacer on one side of the of the MTJ, a second spacer on another side of the MTJ, a first metal interconnection on the MTJ, and a liner adjacent to the first spacer, the second spacer, and the first metal interconnection. Preferably, each of a top surface of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the first metal interconnection includes a planar surface and two sidewalls of the first metal interconnection are aligned with two sidewalls of the MTJ.

Abstract: A compound of formula 1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pryimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione has inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (gelatinase A) enzyme and binding of TNF? to TNF?-RI.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods of treatment and prevention for TNF&agr;-related disorders and MMP-related disorders and compounds useful in such treatments. In particular, the invention dislcoses pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the general formula: wherein X is a Zn(II) chelating group and selected from the group consisting of (CH2)nOH, (CH2)nNH2, (CH2)nSH, (CH2)mCOOH, (CH2)mCOOR, (CH2)mCONH2, (CH2)m″CONH—OH, (CH2)m″CONH—R, and (CH2)n′O(PO3)m″(m″+1), wherein n=2, 3, 4, or 5, n′=2 or 3, m=1, 2, 3, or 4, m′=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, m″=1, 2, 3, and R=—Cm′, H2m′+1 or aryl groups, especially 1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which has an inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (gelatinase A) and on the binding of TNF&agr; to TNF&agr;-RI.

Abstract: A compound of formula 1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl) tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pryimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione has inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (gelatinase A) enzyme and binding of TNF&agr; to TNF&agr;-RI.