Abstract: An encoding method, a decoding method, and an optical module are described relating to data transmission technologies. The method, carried out by an optical module includes obtaining an optical transmission mode used for signal transmission. The method further includes receiving a signal on which outer-code encoding has been performed. The optical module determines, based on the optical transmission mode, an inner-code encoding scheme to be used by the optical module to perform inner-code encoding on the signal on which outer-code encoding has been performed. The method further includes performing, by using the inner-code encoding scheme, inner-code encoding on the signal on which outer-code encoding has been performed. The optical module outputs a signal on which inner-code encoding has been performed. As a result, error correction performance of the Ethernet may be improved.

Abstract: A method for updating stored information and an apparatus. A controller performs error correction code (ECC) decoding on stored data information based on the stored data information and stored ECC check information to generate an error-corrected codeword, where the error-corrected codeword includes error-corrected data information. The controller generates candidate to-be-written data information based on the error-corrected data information and a data update indication. The controller performs a mask operation on the candidate to-be-written data information based on the stored data information, and writes unmasked content in the candidate to-be-written data information into a memory.

Abstract: An encoding method includes: obtaining a generator matrix for encoding, where the generator matrix is determined based on a target parity-check matrix of a Hamming code for encoding, the target parity-check matrix is based on a target function for decoding, the target function is used to determine a not-all-zero row vector extended based on the target parity-check matrix, and the target function is one of a predetermined function set; encoding information bits using the generator matrix to obtain an encoded data stream; and sending the encoded data stream.

Abstract: This application discloses an Ethernet coding method and apparatus, to adapt to a scenario in which a higher transmission bit error rate is caused by a high bandwidth. The method includes: a transmit end encodes first to-be-encoded information by using a first forward error correction (FEC) codeword, to obtain first encoded data, where the first forward error correction FEC codeword is a Reed-Solomon forward error correction (RS-FEC) codeword; and the transmit end encodes the first encoded data by using a second FEC codeword, to obtain second encoded data, where a code length N and an information bit length K of the second FEC codeword satisfy the following formula: M1 ? N K ? M2, where M1 is a throughput of the first encoded data, and M2 is a throughput of the second encoded data.

Abstract: This application discloses decoding methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media, which may be applied to a plurality of scenarios such as a metropolitan area network, a backbone network, and data center interconnection. An example method includes: obtaining syndromes corresponding to a plurality of codewords; grouping the syndromes into groups; and sorting priorities of each group of syndromes; and selecting, based on a priority sorting result of each group of syndromes, a syndrome for decoding.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: encoding a to-be-transmitted first bit sequence to obtain a first matrix, where the first matrix includes a plurality of bit square matrices of a same size, and each bit square matrix includes a plurality of pieces of bit data; performing, based on a first mapping relationship, position transformation in a range of each bit square matrix on the bit data of each bit square matrix in the first matrix, to obtain a second matrix after the position transformation; and performing bit data position transformation among bit square matrices on the second matrix to obtain a third matrix, and modulating a to-be-sent first symbol sequence based on the third matrix.

Abstract: A coding method for data communication is provided, and may be applied to a plurality of scenarios such as a metro network, a backbone network, and a data center interconnection. The method includes: forming a first codeword, where the first codeword includes n image bits and n to-be-transmitted bits, the n image bits are selected from to-be-transmitted bits in m source codewords, the source codeword is a codeword formed before the first codeword, both n and m are positive integers, and n>m; and sending the n to-be-transmitted bits in the first codeword. The bit in the first codeword is protected by a plurality of codewords generated at different moments, and a coding gain effect is better. In addition, the bit in the codeword is protected by different quantities of codewords.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a modulation method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving a code word sequence, where each code word includes N bits, and the code word sequence includes at least a first code word; mapping the code word sequence into M sequences, where each sequence includes N/M bits from the first code word; mapping the M sequences into a symbol sequence, where each symbol is corresponding to M bits, the M bits are respectively from the M sequences, first bits corresponding to N/M first-type symbols are from the first code word, and second bits corresponding to N/M second-type symbols are from the first code word. Thus a signal-to-noise ratio requirement during higher order modulation lowered.

Abstract: A method for updating stored information and an apparatus. A controller performs error correction code (ECC) decoding on stored data information based on the stored data information and stored ECC check information to generate an error-corrected codeword, where the error-corrected codeword includes error-corrected data information. The controller generates candidate to-be-written data information based on the error-corrected data information and a data update indication. The controller performs a mask operation on the candidate to-be-written data information based on the stored data information, and writes unmasked content in the candidate to-be-written data information into a memory.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a modulation method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving a code word sequence, where each code word includes N bits, and the code word sequence includes at least a first code word; mapping the code word sequence into M sequences, where each sequence includes N/M bits from the first code word; mapping the M sequences into a symbol sequence, where each symbol is corresponding to M bits, the M bits are respectively from the M sequences, first bits corresponding to N/M first-type symbols are from the first code word, and second bits corresponding to N/M second-type symbols are from the first code word. Thus a signal-to-noise ratio requirement during higher order modulation lowered.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a modulation method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving a code word sequence, where each code word includes N bits, and the code word sequence includes at least a first code word; mapping the code word sequence into M sequences, where each sequence includes N/M bits from the first code word; mapping the M sequences into a symbol sequence, where each symbol is corresponding to M bits, the M bits are respectively from the M sequences, first bits corresponding to N/M first-type symbols are from the first code word, and second bits corresponding to N/M second-type symbols are from the first code word. Thus a signal-to-noise ratio requirement during higher order modulation lowered.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the communications field, and in particular, to a data scheduling and switching method, apparatus, and system. A data packet is distributed to an optical switching unit or an electrical switching unit for switching by using a control policy. The data packet may be switched by using an electrical packet switching module of the data switching apparatus, or may be switched by using an optical packet switching module.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a modulation method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving a code word sequence, where each code word includes N bits, and the code word sequence includes at least a first code word; mapping the code word sequence into M sequences, where each sequence includes N/M bits from the first code word; mapping the M sequences into a symbol sequence, where each symbol is corresponding to M bits, the M bits are respectively from the M sequences, first bits corresponding to N/M first-type symbols are from the first code word, and second bits corresponding to N/M second-type symbols are from the first code word. Thus a signal-to-noise ratio requirement during higher order modulation lowered.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an sending device includes: a processor, configured to obtain a first optical packet payload and/or a third optical label, and obtain a second optical label and a second optical packet payload corresponding to the second optical label; and an exporter, configured to send to an optical switching device, within a guard time between a moment for sending the second optical label and a moment for sending the second optical packet payload, the third optical label and/or the first optical packet payload that are/is obtained by the processor, so that the optical switching device performs, according to the third optical label, switch processing on a third optical packet payload corresponding to the third optical label, and/or the optical switching device performs switch processing on the first optical packet payload according to a first optical label corresponding to the first optical packet payload.

Abstract: An optical transmission system and transmission method, an optical switching apparatus, and a control method are provided. Any data transmission apparatus included in an optical transmission system is configured to: transmit an optical label signal and a continuous data signal including an idle sequence and a data packet, and transmit the transmitted optical label signal to an optical switching apparatus, so that the optical switching apparatus builds, according to the optical label signal, a switching and transmission path for transmitting the continuous data signal transmitted by the any data transmission apparatus. This ensures that a data transmission apparatus transmits a continuous data signal, and also ensures that each optical receiving system can receive the continuous data signal. Therefore, no preamble needs to be added before a data packet carried in a to-be-processed data signal, thereby avoiding a resource waste and saving bandwidth resources.

Abstract: A receiver is provided, including a signal acquiring unit, a signal diversity unit that is connected to the signal acquiring unit, a signal combination unit that is connected to the signal diversity unit, and a digital-signal acquiring unit that is connected to the signal combination unit. The receiver can receive a dual-polarization signal and can eliminate SSBI from the dual-polarization signal.

Abstract: A data processing method and apparatus are provided, which relate to the communications field and can reduce a delay and energy consumption for data processing in a data exchange process of an optical network. A specific solution is: obtaining a to-be-processed optical data packet; obtaining an optical label from the to-be-processed optical data packet; determining, according to the optical label, whether an optical signal data frame is a data frame of a preset type; if the optical signal data frame is the data frame of the preset type, obtaining a port corresponding to a label destination address according to an optical label destination address and generating an optical switching instruction; and outputting the to-be-processed optical data packet through a target port according to the optical switching instruction. The data processing method and apparatus are used for data processing.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical signal control method and apparatus, and an optical switch matrix control method and apparatus. A first optical coupler performs optical coupling processing on an optical signal input from an input port, to split the optical signal into two paths of optical signals; a phase shifter performs phase processing on the two paths of optical signals, so that a phase difference exists between the two paths of optical signals on which phase processing has been performed; and a second optical coupler performs optical coupling processing on the two paths of optical signals between which the phase difference exists, to output an optical signal from a first output port and/or a second output port. In this way, a problem of a low reaction speed of an existing optical switch cell that exists when the optical switch cell implements optical signal broadcast can be resolved.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of information technologies and disclose a link determining method, apparatus, and system for an optical packet switching system, which can reduce optical packet switching costs. The method includes: first, a control manager generates reference optical label information and an enabling signal, and sends the reference optical label information and the enabling signal to a link determining device; then, when the enabling signal is active, the link determining device determines, according to parsed-out actual optical label information and the received reference optical label information, whether an alarm signal is generated, and if it is determined that the alarm signal is generated, sends the alarm signal to the control manager; and finally, the control manager further determines, according to the received alarm signal, whether a link corresponding to the alarm signal is abnormal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data switching apparatus and system, where the data switching apparatus includes: an optical-to-electrical conversion unit, an identification unit, an electrical switching unit, an electrical-to-optical conversion unit, an optical switching control unit, and an optical switching unit. The optical-to-electrical conversion unit is configured to perform optical-to-electrical conversion on a first optical data packet and an optical label, where the optical label carries switching information of a second optical data packet, and the first optical data packet and the second optical data packet are respectively to-be-switched data packets that need to use electrical packet switching and optical packet switching. The identification unit is configured to identify whether an electrical signal output by the optical-to-electrical conversion unit is from the optical label or the first optical data packet.