Abstract: An identity certificate may be issued to a blockchain node. The issuance may include issuing a first identity certificate to a first terminal and receiving a second identity certificate issuance request that is from the first terminal. A second identity certificate may be issued to the first terminal, and a third identity certificate issuance request is received from the second terminal. A third identity certificate is issued to the second terminal, so that the second terminal forwards the third identity certificate to the third terminal.

Abstract: Calculation for determining the optimal nozzle diameter and nozzle immediately upstream pressure for minimizing the compressed air consumption flow rate is facilitated. The nozzle diameter, work distance, and nozzle immediately upstream pressure or blow impact pressure in the present state are inputted as present state values. The compressed air consumption flow rate and the blow impact pressure or the nozzle immediately upstream pressure are computed from the present state values. An improvement value of the nozzle diameter or the nozzle immediately upstream pressure is inputted on the basis of a judgment on the computation results. The compressed air consumption flow rate and the nozzle immediately upstream pressure or the nozzle diameter are computed from the improvement value a necessary number of times. Thus, a nozzle diameter and a nozzle immediately upstream pressure that provide the lowest compressed air consumption flow rate are selected.

Abstract: A method of selecting pneumatic devices that satisfy specified load, speed and strength conditions to construct a pneumatic system. Data concerning pneumatic actuators, solenoid-controlled selector valves, drive controllers, pipes, pipe joints and exhaust treatment devices is stored in a pneumatic actuator database, a solenoid-controlled selector valve database, a drive controller database, a pipe database, a pipe joint database and an exhaust treatment device database, respectively, for each item number, and conditions required for pneumatic devices constituting a system are calculated. Then, pneumatic devices conforming to the calculated conditions are selected from the respective databases. At the first step, a pneumatic actuator satisfying a load condition, a strength condition and a speed condition is selected from the pneumatic actuator database on the basis of a calculation according to a basic equation.