Abstract: Disclosed is a piston ported two-stroke compression ignition internal combustion engine comprising: a cylinder having a fixed closed end, and a piston for reciprocation within the cylinder, wherein the closed end of the cylinder and the piston together define a combustion chamber therebetween; at least one heater to heat the combustion chamber; and a controller to control the heater to heat the combustion chamber when the controller determines that a temperature of the combustion chamber has fallen below a threshold temperature during reciprocation of the piston within the cylinder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a piston ported two-stroke compression ignition internal combustion engine comprising: a cylinder having a fixed closed end, and a piston for reciprocation within the cylinder, wherein the closed end of the cylinder and the piston together define a combustion chamber therebetween; at least one heater to heat the combustion chamber; and a controller to control the heater to heat the combustion chamber when the controller determines that a temperature of the combustion chamber has fallen below a threshold temperature during reciprocation of the piston within the cylinder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a piston ported two-stroke compression ignition internal combustion engine comprising: a cylinder having a fixed closed end, and a piston for reciprocation within the cylinder, wherein the closed end of the cylinder and the piston together define a combustion chamber therebetween; at least one heater to heat the combustion chamber; and a controller to control the heater to heat the combustion chamber when the controller determines that a temperature of the combustion chamber has fallen below a threshold temperature during reciprocation of the piston within the cylinder.

Abstract: A pump comprises a rotor arrangement and a stator arrangement. The stator arrangement comprises a first part made from a corrosive resistant material which defines a volume which in use is swept by the rotor arrangement for pumping fluid from an inlet to an outlet of the stator arrangement. A second part of the stator arrangement is made from a thermally conductive material which envelopes the first part so that heat generated in the first part can be transferred to the second part at the interface surface between the two parts. The second part has formed therein at least one duct for conveying a liquid coolant through the second part so that heat can be transferred from the second part to the liquid coolant for cooling the stator arrangement.

Abstract: A pump comprises a rotor arrangement and a stator arrangement. The stator arrangement comprises a first part made from a corrosive resistant material which defines a volume which in use is swept by the rotor arrangement for pumping fluid from an inlet to an outlet of the stator arrangement. A second part of the stator arrangement is made from a thermally conductive material which envelopes the first part so that heat generated in the first part can be transferred to the second part at the interface surface between the two parts. The second part has formed therein at least one duct 80 for conveying a liquid coolant through the second part so that heat can be transferred from the second part to the liquid coolant for cooling the stator arrangement.