Abstract: A semiconductor memory device in which performance is improved by reducing a wiring resistance is provided. The semiconductor memory device comprising an inter-wiring insulation film on a substrate, a first wiring pattern extending in a first direction, in the inter-wiring insulation film, a barrier insulation film that is on an upper surface of the inter-wiring insulation film, a barrier conductive pattern electrically connected to the first wiring pattern, in the barrier insulation film, a memory cell electrically connected to the barrier conductive pattern and including a selection pattern and a variable resistor pattern, and a second wiring pattern extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, on the memory cell, wherein a width of the barrier conductive pattern in the second direction is different from a width in the second direction of a portion of the memory cell that is adjacent to the barrier conductive pattern.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an MRAM device including forming a first insulating interlayer and a lower electrode contact, the lower electrode contact extending through the first insulating interlayer; forming a lower electrode layer, a magnetic tunnel junction layer, an upper electrode layer, and a first hard mask layer on the first insulating interlayer and lower electrode contact; forming a second hard mask on the first hard mask layer; etching the first hard mask layer and upper electrode layer to form a first hard mask and upper electrode; forming a spacer on sidewalls of the upper electrode and hard masks; and etching the magnetic tunnel junction layer and the lower electrode layer to form a structure including a lower electrode and a magnetic tunnel junction pattern on the lower electrode contact, wherein a layer remains on the upper electrode after etching the magnetic tunnel junction layer and the lower electrode layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an MRAM device including forming a first insulating interlayer and a lower electrode contact, the lower electrode contact extending through the first insulating interlayer; forming a lower electrode layer, a magnetic tunnel junction layer, an upper electrode layer, and a first hard mask layer on the first insulating interlayer and lower electrode contact; forming a second hard mask on the first hard mask layer; etching the first hard mask layer and upper electrode layer to form a first hard mask and upper electrode; forming a spacer on sidewalls of the upper electrode and hard masks; and etching the magnetic tunnel junction layer and the lower electrode layer to form a structure including a lower electrode and a magnetic tunnel junction pattern on the lower electrode contact, wherein a layer remains on the upper electrode after etching the magnetic tunnel junction layer and the lower electrode layer.

Abstract: Manufacturing an MRAM device may include forming an upper electrode on a magnetic tunnel junction stack, where the stack may include a lower electrode layer, a magnetic tunnel junction layer and a middle electrode layer that are sequentially formed on an insulating interlayer and a lower electrode contact on a substrate. The upper electrode may be formed on the middle electrode layer. An upper electrode protective structure may be formed to cover at least a sidewall and an upper surface of the upper electrode. The middle electrode layer, the magnetic tunnel junction layer and the lower electrode may be patterned by an etching process to form a middle electrode, a magnetic tunnel junction pattern and a lower electrode, respectively. The upper electrode protective structure may isolate the upper electrode from exposure during the patterning, and the upper electrode protective structure may remain on the upper electrode subsequently to the patterning.

Abstract: Manufacturing an MRAM device may include forming an upper electrode on a magnetic tunnel junction stack, where the stack may include a lower electrode layer, a magnetic tunnel junction layer and a middle electrode layer that are sequentially formed on an insulating interlayer and a lower electrode contact on a substrate. The upper electrode may be formed on the middle electrode layer. An upper electrode protective structure may be formed to cover at least a sidewall and an upper surface of the upper electrode. The middle electrode layer, the magnetic tunnel junction layer and the lower electrode may be patterned by an etching process to form a middle electrode, a magnetic tunnel junction pattern and a lower electrode, respectively. The upper electrode protective structure may isolate the upper electrode from exposure during the patterning, and the upper electrode protective structure may remain on the upper electrode subsequently to the patterning.

Abstract: In a method of forming a pattern of a semiconductor device, a first mask layer and an anti-reflective coating layer may be sequentially formed on a substrate. A photoresist layer may be formed on the anti-reflective coating layer. The photoresist layer may be exposed and developed to form a first preliminary photoresist pattern. A first ion beam etching process may be performed on the first preliminary photoresist pattern to form a second preliminary photoresist pattern. A second ion beam etching process may be performed on the second preliminary photoresist pattern to form a photoresist pattern. A second incident angle of an ion beam in the second ion beam etching process may be greater than a first incident angle of an ion beam in the first ion beam etching process. The anti-reflective coating layer and the first mask layer may be etched using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask to form a mask structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antibiotic aqueous dispersion composition including as an active ingredient zinc pyrithione and, at least one subsidiary antiseptic selected from the group consisting of thiamine dilauryl sulphate (TDS), a salt and glyceryl monoalkyl ether. The composition has excellent stability and wide antibiotic or antiseptic spectra to bacteria and fungus.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an MRAM device, a first sacrificial layer, an etch stop layer, and a second sacrificial layer are sequentially formed on a substrate and then partially etched to form openings therethrough. Lower electrodes are formed to fill the openings. The first and second sacrificial layers and portions of the etch stop layer are removed to form etch stop layer patterns surrounding upper portions of sidewalls of the lower electrodes, respectively. An upper insulating layer pattern is formed between the etch stop layer patterns to partially define an air pad between the lower electrodes. A first magnetic layer, a tunnel barrier layer, a second magnetic layer, and an upper electrode layer are formed, and are etched to form a plurality of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an MRAM device, a first sacrificial layer, an etch stop layer, and a second sacrificial layer are sequentially formed on a substrate and then partially etched to form openings therethrough. Lower electrodes are formed to fill the openings. The first and second sacrificial layers and portions of the etch stop layer are removed to form etch stop layer patterns surrounding upper portions of sidewalls of the lower electrodes, respectively. An upper insulating layer pattern is formed between the etch stop layer patterns to partially define an air pad between the lower electrodes. A first magnetic layer, a tunnel barrier layer, a second magnetic layer, and an upper electrode layer are formed, and are etched to form a plurality of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures.