Abstract: Provided are a silicon nitride film etching composition, a method of etching a silicon nitride film using the same, and a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device. Specifically, a silicon nitride film may be highly selectively etched as compared with a silicon oxide film, and when the composition is applied to an etching process at a high temperature and a semiconductor manufacturing process, not only no precipitate occurs but also anomalous growth in which the thickness of the silicon oxide film is rather increased does not occur, thereby minimizing defects and reliability reduction.

Abstract: In a method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery, positive electrode active material particles including a lithium-transition metal oxide is prepared. The positive active material particles are treated by reduction. The reduction-treated positive active particles are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion and hydration. The hydrated transition metal slurry is recovered. The recovery rate of lithium and transition metal can be increased by disaggregation through ultrasonic dispersion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, the method including: providing a sulfide-based compound; adding the sulfide-based compound to a silicone oil, followed by milling; and drying the milled sulfide-based compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating transplantation rejection or a transplantation rejection disease, comprising a novel compound and a calcineurin inhibitor. A co-administration of the present invention 1) reduces the activity of pathogenic Th1 cells or Th17 cells, 2) increases the activity of Treg cells, 3) has an inhibitory effect against side effects, such as tissue damage, occurring in the sole administration thereof, 4) inhibits various pathogenic pathways, 5) inhibits the cell death of inflammatory cells, and 6) increases the activity of mitochondria, in an in vivo or in vitro allogenic model, a transplantation rejection disease model, a skin transplantation model, and a liver-transplanted patient, and thus inhibits transplantation rejection along with mitigating side effects possibly occurring in the administration of a conventional immunosuppressant alone.

Abstract: A control method of valve opening and closing for an engine of which an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) apparatus and an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) apparatus are provided on the intake side, and an exhaust continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) apparatus and an exhaust continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) apparatus are provided on the exhaust side. The control method includes: determining, by a controller, a driving region among a predetermined plurality of driving regions according to a speed and a torque of the engine; and controlling, by the controller, opening timing, closing timing, and opening duration of each of an intake valve and an exhaust valve according to the driving region of the engine. The intake valve closing (IVC) timing is before a bottom dead center (BDC) in all driving regions.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus includes: a camshaft, a front cam unit and a rear cam unit of which the phase relative to the camshaft can be varied, a front inner wheel and a rear inner wheel, a front guide bracket and a rear guide bracket, a front wheel housing and a rear wheel housing, a front control shaft, a rear control shaft, a phase controller selectively changing the relative phase of the front control shaft and the rear control shaft, a main driving unit for driving the rear control shaft, vibration sensors that measure the vibration of each cylinder corresponding to the front cam unit and the rear cam unit and output a corresponding signal, and a controller for controlling the operation of the main driving unit and the phase controller according to the output signals of the respective vibration sensors.

Abstract: Provided are a silicon nitride film etching composition, a method of etching a silicon nitride film using the same, and a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device. Specifically, a silicon nitride film may be stably etched with a high selection ratio relative to a silicon oxide film, and when the composition is applied to an etching process at a high temperature and a semiconductor manufacturing process, not only no precipitate occurs but also anomalous growth in which the thickness of the silicon oxide film is rather increased does not occur, thereby minimizing defects and reliability reduction.

Abstract: A method for controlling a vehicle includes: determining an accelerator position sensor/brake pedal position sensor (APS/BPS) command value based on a state variable and a reward variable including a prediction value for a future velocity of the vehicle predicted based on a past APS/BPS command value of the vehicle; and learning for a reward value according to the reward variable to satisfy a predetermined goal based on a change that the determined APS/BPS command value causes to at least one state variable under given environment information.

Abstract: In a method for preparing a cobalt sulfate salt, a feeding solution comprising cobalt sulfate and a sulfuric acid aqueous solution is prepared. A first solution is produced by evaporation-crystallizing the feeding solution. A first cobalt sulfate salt is produced by filtering the first solution together with first purging. A second solution is produced by cooling-crystallizing an aqueous solution comprising the first cobalt sulfate salt. A second cobalt sulfate salt is produced by filtering the second solution together with second purging.

Abstract: A method for recovering active metals of a lithium secondary battery comprises collecting a cathode active material mixture from the cathode of the lithium secondary battery; subjecting the cathode active material mixture to a reducing reaction to prepare a preliminary precursor mixture; forming an aqueous lithium precursor solution from the preliminary precursor mixture; and collecting an aluminum-containing material from the aqueous lithium precursor solution with an aluminum removing resin.

Abstract: A method for preparing a pretreated product for recovering valuable metals of a lithium secondary battery includes: preparing a cathode active material mixture from a cathode of the lithium secondary battery; drying or pulverizing the cathode active material mixture; and classifying the dried or pulverized cathode active material mixture to have an average particle diameter (D50) of 400 ?m or less. Flowability may be increased by reducing the average particle diameter before reduction treatment.

Abstract: In a method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery, a preliminary cathode active material mixture is prepared from a cathode of a waste lithium secondary battery, the preliminary cathode active material mixture is fluidized through oxygen-containing gas within a fluidized bed reactor to form a cathode active material mixture, reductive gas is injected into the fluidized bed reactor to form a preliminary precursor mixture from the cathode active material mixture, and a lithium precursor is recovered from the preliminary precursor mixture.

Abstract: A method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery according to exemplary embodiments comprises preparing a preliminary cathode active material mixture including a lithium composite oxide and a binder, forming a cathode active material mixture by removing the binder from the preliminary cathode active material mixture through a heat treatment in a fluidized bed reactor, and recovering a lithium precursor from the cathode active material mixture. Accordingly, the active metal of the lithium secondary battery can be recovered with high purity and high efficiency.

Abstract: In a method of recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery, a cathode active material mixture is prepared from a waste cathode of a lithium secondary. The cathode active material mixture is reacted with a reductive reaction gas to form a preliminary precursor mixture having a reduction degree of transition metal defined by Equation 1 in a range from 0.24 to 1.6. A lithium precursor is recovered from the preliminary precursor mixture. A lithium recovery rationis improved by adjusting the reduction degree of transition metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hinge device for doors which are used in products, such as refrigerators, etc., to open and close them. In the hinge device, an upper operation unit is connected to a lower operation unit in such a way that a lower cam provided in the lower operation unit is interlocked with an upper cam provided in the upper operation unit by a single shaft, and that the lower cam and the upper cam are moved upwards and downwards in opposite directions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing extruded noodles including mixing noodle materials; kneading the mixed noodle materials and mixing water into dough and gelatinizing the dough through a first extruder; cooling the gelatinized dough to a temperature of 40° C. or less; extruding strips of noodles from the gelatinized dough through a second extruder; cutting the extruded strips of noodles; putting a designated amount of the cut strips of noodles into a mold so as to mold the noodles; firstly drying the molded noodles at a temperature of 40˜70° C. under a relative humidity of 20% or more for 1˜20 minutes; and secondarily drying the firstly dried noodles at a temperature of 60˜100° C. for 30˜60 minutes. The dough is gelatinized through the first extruder without using a separate mixer, and then continuously passes through the second extruder without applying heat, thereby having an increased uniformity and allowing the extruded strips of noodles to be easily separated from each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing snacks and snacks prepared thereby, characterized by introducing one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of glycine, lysine and cystein into raw materials in preparing a wheat-based snack or a potato snack by a conventional process. According to the present invention, snacks may be provided that have much lower acrylamide levels to secure reliability and safety for consumers, while still maintaining such properties as taste, color and texture.