Abstract: An example blood cell lysis composition includes a buffer and a secondary alcohol ethoxylate at a concentration in the range of about 2.5 percent (%) to about 20% weight per volume (w/v). The secondary alcohol ethoxylate may include Tergitol™ TMN-100X or Tergitol™ 15-S-9. The composition may be configured to lyse at least 90% of blood cells in a blood sample.

Abstract: Disclosed is a urea biosensor that is stable at ambient temperature, and methods of making thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a urea biosensor that is stable at ambient temperature, and methods of making thereof.

Abstract: A low maintenance reference electrode has a liquid junction body with a multiplicity of micron-sized capillary channels extending through the body for transporting electrolyte to a test solution. A viscosity-increasing agent thickens the electrolyte to limit its flow to a rate on the order of microliters/day so that a few milliliters of electrolyte suffice to provide an extended electrode life.

Abstract: Temperature compensation for ion-selective electrodes is obtained by positioning a temperature-measuring element in a chamber of limited thermal mass which is in thermal contact with the measuring electrode filling solution but is thermally isolated from other filling solutions in the electrode. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature-measuring element comprises a thermistor enclosed within thin flexible tubing; the electrical leads of the thermistor are forced against a segment of the inner wall of the tubing by an elongated strand of material abutting the thermistor to enhance heat transfer with the thermistor.

Abstract: A low maintenance reference electrode has a liquid junction body with a multiplicity of micron-sized capillary channels extending through the body for transporting electrolyte to a test solution. A viscosity-increasing agent thickens the electrolyte to limit its flow to a rate on the order of microliters/day so that a few milliliters of electrolyte suffice to provide an extended electrode life.

Abstract: A low maintenance reference electrode has a liquid junction body with a multiplicity of micron-sized capillary channels extending through the body for transporting electrolyte to a test solution. A viscosity-increasing agent thickens the electrolyte to limit its flow to a rate on the order of microliters/day so that a few milliliters of electrolyte suffice to provide an extended electrode life.

Abstract: Temperature compensation for ion-selective electrodes is obtained by positioning a temperature-measuring element in a chamber of limited thermal mass which is in thermal contact with the measuring electrode filling solution but is thermally isolated from other filling solutions in the electrode. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature-measuring element comprises a thermistor enclosed within thin flexible tubing; the electrical leads of the thermistor are forced against a segment of the inner wall of the tubing by an elongated strand of material abutting the thermistor to enhance heat transfer with the thermistor.

Abstract: A low maintenance reference electrode has a liquid junction body with a multiplicity of micron-sized capillary channels extending through the body for transporting electrolyte to a test solution. A viscosity-increasing agent thickens the electrolyte to limit its flow to a rate on the order of microliters/day so that a few milliliters of electrolyte suffice to provide an extended electrode life.

Abstract: A marker molecule for monitoring cleaving enzyme activity is disclosed. The marker molecule includes a protein, a peptide, or an oligonucleotide. A co-factor is conjugated to the protein, the peptide, or the oligonucleotide, thereby forming a co-factor labeled protein, a co-factor labeled peptide, or a co-factor labeled oligonucleotide. The co-factor is adapted to produce an enzymatic signal that is optically detectable.

Abstract: A marker molecule for monitoring cleaving enzyme activity is disclosed. The marker molecule includes a protein, a peptide, or an oligonucleotide. A co-factor is conjugated to the protein, the peptide, or the oligonucleotide, thereby forming a co-factor labeled protein, a co-factor labeled peptide, or a co-factor labeled oligonucleotide. The co-factor is adapted to produce an enzymatic signal that is optically detectable.

Abstract: An oligonucleotide probe for DNA detection is disclosed. The oligonucleotide probe includes a site-specific sequence. Either a co-factor or a mediator is conjugated to the site-specific sequence. The co-factor is adapted to produce an enzymatic signal that is electrochemically detectable. The mediator is adapted to enhance an enzymatic signal that is electrochemically detectable.

Abstract: A marker molecule for monitoring cleaving enzyme activity is disclosed. The marker molecule includes a protein, a peptide, or an oligonucleotide. A co-factor is conjugated to the protein, the peptide, or the oligonucleotide, thereby forming a co-factor labeled protein, a co-factor labeled peptide, or a co-factor labeled oligonucleotide. The co-factor is adapted to produce an enzymatic signal that is at least one of electrochemically and optically detectable.