Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a force and complex vibration rendering system using a force feedback device and a wideband resonance actuator, and a method for providing force and complex vibration using the system.

Abstract: A display apparatus can include a substrate having a penetrating area and a separating area, the penetrating area including a substrate hole, a first buffer layer having a first-buffer lower layer, and a first-buffer upper layer, a first thin film transistor including a first semiconductor pattern, a first gate electrode, and a first source electrode and a first drain electrode, a first interlayer insulating film; a second interlayer insulating film, an opening extending through the second interlayer insulating film, the first interlayer insulating film, the first gate insulating film and the first-buffer upper layer, and a separation structure in the opening, the separation structure including a first separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first-buffer upper layer, a second separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first gate insulating film, and a third separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first gate electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate including at least one first opening part defined, a pixel disposed on the first substrate, at least one first heat dissipation layer disposed in the at least one first opening part, an insulation layer disposed under the first substrate and including at least one second opening part overlapping the at least one first opening part, and a second heat dissipation layer disposed in the at least one second opening part.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method of processing a buffer state report when a wireless communication system uses inter-eNB carrier aggregation technology. According to the present invention, a terminal may be provided with a proper amount of uplink resource allocations by notifying base stations of a buffer state.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a first transistor which include a first gate stack on a substrate; and a second transistor which includes a second gate stack on the substrate, wherein the first gate stack includes a first ferroelectric material layer disposed on the substrate, a first work function layer disposed on the first ferroelectric material layer and a first upper gate electrode disposed on the first work function layer, wherein the second gate stack includes a second ferroelectric material layer disposed on the substrate, a second work function layer disposed on the second ferroelectric material layer and a second upper gate electrode disposed on the second work function layer, wherein the first work function layer includes the same material as the second work function layer, and wherein an effective work function of the first gate stack is different from an effective work function of the second gate stack.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes a first semiconductor layer doped to have a first polarity, a second semiconductor layer doped to have a second polarity different from the first polarity, a light-emitting layer disposed between the first and second semiconductor layers, a shell layer formed on side surfaces of the first semiconductor layer, the light-emitting layer, and the second semiconductor layer, the shell layer including a divalent metal element, and an insulating film covering an outer surface of the shell layer and surrounding the side surface of the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electric dual-mode wiper system for a railway vehicle. The electric dual-mode wiper system for a railway vehicle includes a first wiper drive unit and a second wiper drive unit, and controls a synchronization operation of the first wiper drive unit and a second wiper drive unit.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device including: a substrate; a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a reflective electrode and the other is a semitransparent or transparent electrode, and wherein the organic layer includes a layer having at least one of the compounds having at least one carbazole group, and a flat panel display device including the organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device has low driving voltage, excellent current density, high brightness, excellent color purity, high efficiency, and long lifetime.

Abstract: A method, performed by a user equipment (UE), of transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless communication system, according to an embodiment, includes receiving a logical channel release request from a next-generation node B (gNB), determining a logical channel to release, an operation mode of the logical channel to release, and whether a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer apparatus connected to the logical channel is re-established, based on the logical channel release request, and performing PDCP data recovery based on the determination result.

Abstract: Disclosed is a charging cart for charging an electric vehicle according to various embodiments of the present invention for solving the described problem. The charging cart for charging an electric vehicle may comprise: a body; a handle extending from the body so as to come in contact with a user's body; a sensor unit connected to the handle so as to acquire sensing information corresponding to external force related to contact with the user's body; a travel unit for permitting movement of the body; a sensing unit for acquiring travel state information related to whether the body is movable; a driving unit for applying driving force to the travel unit; and a control unit for controlling the driving unit on the basis of the travel state information and the sensing information corresponding to the external force.

Abstract: A pixel includes: a light emitting element; a first transistor including a gate electrode electrically connected to a first node, a second node to which a first power voltage for driving the light emitting element is to be applied, and a third node electrically connected to the light emitting element; and a bias control transistor configured to be controlled in operating timing thereof by a bias control signal, and configured to switch electrical connection between the second node and a bias power line for transmitting a bias voltage. In one frame period, a voltage level of the bias voltage to be applied to the second node sequentially increases.

Abstract: An apparatus for recognizing an object includes a camera that obtains a 2D image, a lidar that obtains a 3D image, and a processor. The processor generates a bird's-eye view (BEV) feature map by extracting features from a two-dimensional plane BEV generated based on 3D information. The processor also generates an image feature map by extracting features of a multi-channel 2D image in which the 3D information is added to the 2D image. The processor also generates a complex feature map by mixing the image feature map and the BEV feature map. The processor also recognizes the object by artificial intelligence learning the complex feature map.

Abstract: Provided is a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery which includes: a silicon-silicon oxide-magnesium silicate composite comprising a silicon oxide (SiOx, 0<x?2) matrix; and silicon (Si) crystal grains, MgSiO3 crystal grains and Mg2SiO4 crystal grains present in the silicon oxide matrix, wherein the MgSiO3 crystal grains have a crystal size of 5-30 nm and the Mg2SiO4 crystal grains have a crystal size of 20-100 nm in the silicon-silicon oxide-magnesium silicate composite, and the content ratio of MgSiO3 crystal grains to Mg2SiO4 crystal grains is 2:1-1:1 on the weight basis. A method for preparing the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery is also provided.

Abstract: A plasticizer composition including a citrate-based material and an epoxidized oil, and the plasticizer composition capable of maintaining an excellent plasticization efficiency and providing an improved mechanical properties and stress resistance when compared with conventional phthalate-based plasticizer products.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a light-emitting element, the method including positioning a substrate, forming a first separation layer, which includes a first sacrificial layer, an etching control layer on the first sacrificial layer, and a second sacrificial layer on the etching control layer, on the substrate, forming at least one first light-emitting element on the first separation layer, and separating the first light-emitting element from the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of processing item sales information by an electronic apparatus including acquiring a purchase request including item information related to an item selected by a user and information related to a payment means, providing a purchase response including approval information corresponding to the purchase request before proceeding with payment through the payment means in response to the purchase request when the information related to the payment means satisfies a first condition, transmitting a release request for the item to a first server; and requesting payment for at least some of an amount corresponding to one or more purchase requests related to the payment means according to an arrival of settlement timing corresponding to the payment means.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first interlayer insulating film disposed on a substrate and having a first trench. A first lower conductive pattern fills the first trench and includes first and second valley areas that are spaced apart from each other in a first direction parallel to an upper surface of the substrate. The first and second valley areas are recessed toward the substrate. A second interlayer insulating film is disposed on the first interlayer insulating film and includes a second trench that exposes at least a portion of the first lower conductive pattern. An upper conductive pattern fills the second trench and includes an upper barrier film and an upper filling film disposed on the upper barrier film. The upper conductive pattern at least partially fills the first valley area.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing a perovskite crystal that improves the performance of a photovoltaic cell. One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a perovskite crystal, the method including: a step S1 of preparing a perovskite solution containing a perovskite precursor and a first polar aprotic solvent; and a step S2 of preparing a perovskite crystal by mixing the perovskite solution and an antisolvent, wherein the antisolvent includes a second polar aprotic solvent.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including pixels, a gate driver which sequentially applies scan signals to pixel rows including the pixels at a scan frequency, a data driver which applies data voltages to the pixels, a power voltage generator which applies a power voltage to the pixels, and a timing controller which sets a ripple frequency of the power voltage to deviate from the scan frequency by a predetermined reference ratio or more.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens sequentially disposed along an optical axis from an object-side surface of the first lens toward an imaging plane of an image sensor, wherein 3.5?TTL/IMG HT, f1+f2|<2.0 mm, and 0.7?L1S1es/L1S1el<1.0 are satisfied, where TTL is a distance along the optical axis from the object-side surface of the first lens to the imaging plane of the image sensor, IMG HT is one-half of a diagonal length of the imaging plane of the image sensor, f1 is a focal length of the first lens, f2 is a focal length of the second lens, L1S1el is a maximum effective radius of the object-side surface of the first lens, and L1S1es is a minimum effective radius of the object-side surface of the first lens.