Abstract: A semiconductor device include a nonvolatile memory device, including a first well region formed in a substrate, a tunneling gate insulator formed on the first well region, a floating gate formed on the tunneling gate insulator, a control gate insulator formed on the substrate, a control gate formed on the control gate insulator, and a first source region and a first drain region formed on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively, and a first logic device, including a first logic well region formed in the substrate, a first logic gate insulator formed on the first logic well region, a first logic gate formed on the first logic gate insulator, wherein the first logic gate comprises substantially a same material as a material of the control gate of the nonvolatile memory device.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component including: a body including a dielectric layer and internal electrodes; and external electrodes disposed outside the body and connected to the internal electrodes, wherein 1.5?Hfs/Hfc?5.0 when the internal electrode includes hafnium (Hf), Hfc indicates an average Hf content (at %) in a center of the internal electrode, and Hfs indicates an average Hf content (at %) in the internal electrode, measured from the center of the internal electrode to an interface thereof in contact with the dielectric layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of recycling C-14 in a spent resin, the method includes: i) heating a spent resin raw material including 14CO2 in the presence of moisture by microwave irradiation; ii) refluxing, by condensation, water vapor in a first processing gas produced by the microwave irradiation and released from the spent resin raw material; and iii) removing water vapor from the first processing gas by the refluxing, and transporting a second processing gas including 14CO2, which is released from the spent resin raw material, to the outside, and to an apparatus for recycling the same.

Abstract: Provided is an optical system which may acquire a hyperspectral image by acquiring a spectral image of an object to be measured, which includes, to collect spectral data and train the neural network, an image forming part forming an image from an object to be measured and transmitting collimated light, a slit moving to scan the incident image and passing and outputting a part of the formed image, and a first optical part obtaining spectral data by splitting light of the image received through the slit by wavelength. Also, the system includes, to decompose overlapped spectral data and to infer hyperspectral image data through the trained neural network, an image forming part forming an image from an object to be measured and transmitting collimated light, and a first optical part obtaining spectral data by splitting light of the received image by wavelength.

Abstract: Disclosed are an underwater optical communication aiming method and apparatus. The underwater optical communication aiming apparatus may include an optical communication module configured to transmit and receive laser beams and a plurality of acoustic modules spaced apart from one another at given intervals, disposed around the optical communication module, and configured to find a direction or relative distance of a counterpart light source under water. A direction of the optical communication module may be aimed at a counterpart light source found through the acoustic module in order to communicate with the counterpart light source by using the optical communication module.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a photoresist coater applying a photoresist film on a substrate, a humidifier increasing an amount of moisture in an ambient to which the photoresist film on the substrate is exposed, and an exposer irradiating the photoresist film exposed to the ambient having the increased amount of moisture with light. The humidifier is disposed between the photoresist coater and the exposer.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus and method of a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system are provided. The receiving apparatus includes a clock generation/delay compensation unit for generating a clock, an antenna switching unit for temporally dividing signals received through multiple antennas by performing switching according to the clock, a radio frequency (RF) chain to be shared for converting the temporally divided signals into baseband signals, and an analog to digital converter (ADC) to be shared for converting the converted signals into digital signals and for outputting the converted signals according to the clock. Accordingly, the number of RF chains used to implement a MIMO RFIC is reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for self-calibrating direct current (DC) offset and imbalance between orthogonal signals, which may occur in a mobile transceiver. In the apparatus, a transmitter of a mobile terminal functions as a signal generator, and a receiver of the mobile terminal functions as a response characteristic detector. Further, a baseband processor applies test signals to the transmitter, receives the test signals returning from the receiver, and compensates the imbalance and DC offset for the transmitter side and the receiver side by using the test signals.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus and method of a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system are provided. The receiving apparatus includes a clock generation/delay compensation unit for generating a clock, an antenna switching unit for temporally dividing signals received through multiple antennas by performing switching according to the clock, a radio frequency (RF) chain to be shared for converting the temporally divided signals into baseband signals, and an analog to digital converter (ADC) to be shared for converting the converted signals into digital signals and for outputting the converted signals according to the clock. Accordingly, the number of RF chains used to implement a MIMO RFIC is reduced.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus and method for use in a transmitting end of a multi-antenna system. The apparatus comprises at least two antennas, at least two transmitters for transmitting a signal through one of the antennas and transmitting a reference signal for channel estimation of transmission and reception paths, at least two receivers for receiving a signal through one of the antennas and coupling and receiving a reference signal transmitted through one of the antennas except the antenna for receiving the signal, and a calibration section for estimating channels for transmission and reception paths of the transmitters and the receivers using reference signals received by the receivers and calibrating signals to be transmitted through the transmission paths using the estimated channels.

Abstract: A predistorter that linearizes the nonlinearity of a power amplifier in a system supporting a multimode and a multiband (frequency band). The predistorter includes a field-effect transistor, an impedance transform unit, a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The field-effect transistor has a source connected to the ground and uses a variable gate bias voltage. The impedance transform unit is connected to a drain of the field-effect transistor to perform impedance transform. The first inductor is connected between the impedance transform unit and a voltage provided to the field-effect transistor. The first capacitor is connected between a power input terminal and the impedance transform unit. The second capacitor is connected between a power output terminal and the impedance transform unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ultra wide band signal generator. The ultra wide band signal generator generates a signal of a required frequency using a harmonic signal having a frequency range of a ultra wide band (UWB). The ultra wide band signal generator includes an active inductor for generating harmonic signals having power strengths substantially equal to each other within a non-linear operation range, the tunable active inductor capable of tuning a value thereof, an oscillator for amplifying and outputting the harmonic signals generated from the active inductor by frequency-transiting the harmonic signals into high frequency bands, and a filter for selectively outputting one of the harmonic signals output from the oscillator.

Abstract: A small-sized on-chip complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Power Amplifier having improved efficiency is provided herein. The on-chip CMOS power amplifier is capable of improving efficiency and maximizing output thereof by enhancing a K factor, which may cause a problem in a power amplifier having a distributed active transformer structure. The on-chip CMOS power amplifier having an improved efficiency and being fabricated in a small size, the on-chip CMOS power amplifier includes a primary winding located at a first layer, secondary windings located at a second layer, which is an upper part of the first layer, the secondary windings being located corresponding to a position of the primary winding, and a cross section for coupling the second windings with each other.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for calibrating an imbalance characteristic of a received signal of a frequency domain in a mobile receiver which supports an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. To this end, a received signal of a radio frequency band is converted into a baseband signal by using a carrier, and the baseband received signal is converted from a time domain signal to a frequency domain signal. Then, a calibration coefficient is measured by using two consecutively received signals from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) unit. An imbalance component included in the received signal of the frequency domain due to an imbalance of the carrier is removed by using the measured calibration coefficient. In this case, the two consecutively received signals refer to two transmission signals consecutively transmitted from a transmitter, and the two transmission signals are predetermined signals.

Abstract: A dividing apparatus and method using coordinate rotation is disclosed. To this end, a plurality of rotation stages are sequentially performed until a divisor reaches a criterion and a rotation direction used in each of the plurality of stages is output. A division result acquired by performing rotation with respect to a dividend using the rotation direction for each of the plurality of stages is output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for self-calibrating a Direct Current (DC) offset and an imbalance between orthogonal signals, which may occur in a mobile transceiver. In the apparatus, a transmitter of a mobile terminal functions as a signal generator, and a receiver of the mobile terminal functions as a response characteristic detector. Further, a baseband processor applies test signals to the transmitter, receives the test signals returning from the receiver, and compensates the imbalance and DC offset for the transmitter side and the receiver side by using the test signals. The test signal is applied to only one of the I channel path and the Q channel path, and an RF band signal output from the transmission side by the test signal is used as an input signal to the reception side.

Abstract: A method is provided for self-calibrating the mismatch and the direct current (DC) offset occurring in a mobile transceiver. The transmitter of the mobile terminal is used as a signal generator and the receiver thereof is used as a response characteristic measurer. The baseband processor calibrates the mismatch and the DC offset for the receiving and transmitting sides using a test signal received from the transmitter. When multiple input subcarriers are used in a mixer present on a reception stage, self-calibration is performed using multiple received test signals obtained from one transmission test signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for self-calibrating direct current (DC) offset and imbalance between orthogonal signals, which may occur in a mobile transceiver. In the apparatus, a transmitter of a mobile terminal functions as a signal generator, and a receiver of the mobile terminal functions as a response characteristic detector. Further, a baseband processor applies test signals to the transmitter, receives the test signals returning from the receiver, and compensates the imbalance and DC offset for the transmitter side and the receiver side by using the test signals.

Abstract: A high efficiency power amplifier with a precise duty cycle is provided for use in a driver or pre-power amplifier of a Radio Frequency (RF) system. The high efficiency power amplifier with an inverter configured by one pair of Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) transistors includes a feedback path for adjusting an input voltage in response to an output voltage between input and output terminals of the inverter and correcting an operation time point of the MOS transistors configuring the inverter. The high efficiency power amplifier can be used for a high efficiency driver to automatically correct duty cycle distortion. When the high efficiency power amplifier is placed in a front stage of various RF power amplifiers, it can be used for a pre-amplifier capable of increasing the efficiency of the RF power amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ultra wide band signal generator. The ultra wide band signal generator generates a signal of a required frequency using a harmonic signal having a frequency range of a ultra wide band (UWB). The ultra wide band signal generator includes an active inductor for generating harmonic signals having power strengths substantially equal to each other within a non-linear operation range, the tunable active inductor capable of tuning a value thereof, an oscillator for amplifying and outputting the harmonic signals generated from the active inductor by frequency-transiting the harmonic signals into high frequency bands, and a filter for selectively outputting one of the harmonic signals output from the oscillator.