Abstract: A chemiluminescence-based gel assay may be used as an indicator of fermenter health. The assay is performed using a sample of fermentation medium essentially directly from the fermenter (with no need for complicated purification of the sample before performing the assay). Results from the assay may be correlated with the final product purification yield of a given protein/purification protocol system. This may then be used as a predictor of purification yield before actually performing the purification.

Abstract: A sync signal generating apparatus for use in a converter for converting a broadcast signal between different broadcast systems so as to generate a sync signal adapted for the converted broadcast system.

Abstract: A single chip video signal processing circuit capable of performing a sync separation and odd/even field detection using an NTSC mode or a PAL mode video signal, the video signal processing circuit includes a sync signal separator for separating the input video signal into a horizontal sync signal and a composite sync signal, a vertical sync signal detector for detecting a vertical sync signal from the composite sync signal, a window pulse generator for generating a window pulse having a different width according to the selection of either the NTSC mode or the PAL mode by combining the detected vertical sync signal with the horizontal sync signal, an odd/even field detector for receiving the window pulse and the vertical sync signal and for detecting the number of pulses of the vertical sync signal within the window pulse interval, and a vertical blanking interval detector for counting a predetermined number of pulses of the horizontal sync signal, the window pulse being used as a RESET pulse for generating a

Abstract: A superimposing circuit for a video apparatus comprises a first switch circuit for selecting an input video signal in response to a selected record or a playback mode, a second switch circuit for synthesizing a video signal and character information during the record mode, a third switch circuit for synthesizing the video signal and the character information during the playback mode, a switch device, a comparator for receiving the output of the switch device as a reference level, a character generating circuit, and a controller for controlling the switching of the second switch circuit and the third switching circuit in accordance with the selected one of the record mode and the playback mode.