Abstract: An atomic layer etching method using a ligand exchange reaction may include a substrate providing step of putting a substrate with a thin film formed thereon into a reaction chamber, a halogenated thin film forming step of forming a halogenated thin film on a surface of the thin film by infusing a halogenated gas into the reaction chamber, and an etching step of etching the halogenated thin film by infusing a ligand without a metal or metal precursor into the reaction chamber with the substrate with the halogenated thin film.

Abstract: A user terminal device and a controlling method thereof are provided. The user terminal device includes a display configured to be divided into a first area and a second area which is larger than the first area with reference to a folding line, a cover disposed on a rear side of the display, a detector configured to detect a user interaction on the display and the cover, and a controller configured to, in response to the display being folded along the folding line such that the first area and the second area face each other, control the detector to detect a user interaction through an exposure area, which is an exposed part of the second area, and the cover, and, in response to the display being folded such that the two parts of the cover face with each other with reference to the folding line, control the detector to detect a user interaction through the first area and the second area.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a plurality of host materials comprising a first host material comprising at least one compound represented by formula 1 and a second host material comprising at least one compound represented by formula 2, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. An organic electroluminescent device having significantly improved lifetime properties is provided by comprising a specific combination of compounds according to the present disclosure as host materials.

Abstract: A display device includes connection lines, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) data lines configured to receive pulse width modulation (PWM) data voltages, PWM data lines configured to receive the PWM data voltages, a first connection control line configured to receive a first connection control signal, a second connection control line configured to receive a second connection control signal, subpixels connected to the PWM data lines and the PAM data lines, and a first demultiplexer (demux) unit configured to connect the connection lines to the PAM data lines or to the PWM data lines according to the first connection control signal and the second connection control signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound represented by formula 1 and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the organic electroluminescent compound of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an organic electroluminescent device having lower operating voltage, higher luminous efficiency and/or longer lifespan properties as compared with a conventional organic electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate having a pixel area and a peripheral area, a plurality of pixels disposed on the substrate in the pixel area, a plurality of data lines that supply a plurality of data signals to the pixels, a plurality of scan lines that supply a plurality of scan signals to the pixels, a plurality of power supply lines that supply a first voltage to the pixels, and first through third insulating layers. The first insulating layer is disposed on the substrate, the second insulating layer is disposed on the first insulating layer, and the third insulating layer is disposed on the second insulating layer. The scan lines are disposed below the third insulating layer on the substrate in the pixel area, and are disposed on the third insulating layer in the peripheral area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hot-stamping component, which includes a base steel plate; and a plated layer on the base steel plate and including a first layer, a second layer, and an intermetallic compound portion having an island shape in the second layer, wherein the first layer and the second layer are sequentially stacked, and an area fraction of the intermetallic compound portion with respect to the second layer is an amount of 20% to 60%.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor substrate; a plurality of bit line structures spaced apart from each other over the semiconductor substrate and each including a stacked structure of a bit line and a bit line hard mask; a contact pad positioned over the semiconductor substrate between the neighboring bit line structures; a contact structure including a stacked structure of a first contact formed over the contact pad and a second contact having a greater line width than the first contact; a first spacer structure interposed between the first contact and each of the bit line structures; and a second spacer structure interposed between the second contact and each of the bit line structures and having a smaller dielectric constant than the first spacer structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a push pull door lock that includes a door locking part disposed inside a door to lock the door, bodies fixedly located to the indoor and outdoor sides of the door, handles pushedly or pulledly disposed on the bodies to release a locking state of the door locking part, and locking means disposed on the bodies to lock the operations of the handles so that the door is locked, wherein the locking means includes: a key knob rotatably disposed on the body located on the indoor side of the door; a key assembly rotatably disposed on the body located on the outdoor side of the door and connectedly rotating unitarily with the key knob; and a stopper connectedly rotating unitarily with the key assembly and locking the operations of the handles.

Abstract: A vehicle panel including a perforated pattern and a method of manufacturing the same, whereby a pattern can be realized through minimal means and a simple method, thereby reducing the amount of time taken and the expense incurred for the production of a product. Additionally, large-area patterning is possible, so the method can be applied to large parts. Moreover, the vehicle panel is capable of realizing a uniform lighting pattern without variation in luminance. When power is turned off, only a perforated pattern is viewed and, when power is turned on, a logical pattern with various designs is viewed, advantageously improving the aesthetic appearance of metal parts.

Abstract: A decentralized group signature method for an issuer-anonymized credential system includes (a) an initial system setup operation of defining elements of a group signature method and information that is generated and shared by each group member, (b) an initial group member setup operation, (c) a group member participation operation of adding a new group member to a group, (d) a group signature operation of putting a group signature on a specific message, (e) an operation of verifying the group signature, (f) an operation of removing anonymity from a group signature for a specific group member with agreement of group members, and (g) an operation of revoking a specific group member with agreement of the group members. Exclusive authority of a group manager is distributed to the group members.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a circuit pattern disposed on the substrate and a protective layer disposed on the circuit pattern, and the circuit pattern includes a first circuit pattern and a second circuit pattern, and the first circuit pattern includes a first pad part, a second pad part, and a first wiring part connected to the first pad part and the second pad part, and the first wiring part includes a first pattern extending in contact with the second pad part, and the first pattern includes a first pattern part and a second pattern part disposed under the protective layer, and the first pattern part includes an extension area having a width greater than that of the second pattern part, and a maximum width of the first pattern part is greater than a maximum width of the second pad part.

Abstract: A robot safety monitoring system includes a stereo camera set configured to photograph a robot and a monitoring area around the robot and a processor connected to the stereo camera set. The stereo camera set includes a first camera including a plurality of first camera modules spaced apart from each other, and a second camera including a plurality of second camera modules spaced apart from each other. Based on a first direction, the first camera and the second camera have different fields of view. The processor is configured to set the monitoring area, determine whether an object is present in the monitoring area, and control the robot based on determining that an object is present in the monitoring area.

Abstract: A polyphenylene sulfide resin composition including (a) 25% to 75% by weight of a base resin; (b) 0.1% to 10% by weight of a laser direct structuring (LDS) additive; (c) 0.1% to 5% by weight of a plating seed generation promoter; (d) 10% to 60% by weight of a glass fiber; and (e) 0% to 40% by weight of a mineral filler, based on a total weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin composition. The base resin includes 95% by weight or more of a polyphenylene sulfide resin based on a total weight of the base resin. A method of preparing the polyphenylene sulfide resin composition, and an injection-molded article manufactured using the polyphenylene sulfide resin composition.

Abstract: A vehicle panel including a perforated pattern and a method of manufacturing the same, whereby a pattern can be realized through minimal means and a simple method, thereby reducing the amount of time taken and the expense incurred for the production of a product. Additionally, large-area patterning is possible, so the method can be applied to large parts. Moreover, the vehicle panel is capable of realizing a uniform lighting pattern without variation in luminance. When power is turned off, only a perforated pattern is viewed and, when power is turned on, a logical pattern with various designs is viewed, advantageously improving the aesthetic appearance of metal parts.

Abstract: A conductive resin composition including 100 parts by weight of a base resin (A), which includes a polyester, a polyarylene ether, and an aromatic elastomer; 3 to 12 parts by weight of two or more polyfunctional reaction agents (B); 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of carbon nanotubes (C); 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of carbon nanoplates (D); and 1 to 10 parts by weight of glass powder (E), a method of preparing the conductive resin composition, and a molded article including the conductive resin composition. The conductive resin composition has excellent moisture stability and heat resistance in addition to excellent appearance, rigidity, and conductivity; can minimize the influence of moisture and heat when exposed to external environments; and thus, can be used in exterior parts to replace metal parts used in automobiles.

Abstract: Provided is a method of proving ownership and an ownership transfer history using a decentralized identifier (DID). The method includes identifying, by a verifier terminal, a product through a DID and identifying an initial producer of the product through the DID, generating, by the verifier terminal, a proof-of-ownership verifiable credential (VC) of the product, which includes metadata including information on the VC, security information (claims) including information on a belonging, and issuing organization electronic signature information (proof) including a digital signature method and a signature value for content certification of the VC, and providing, by the verifier terminal, the generated proof-of-ownership VC of the product to the producer of the product and storing a DID document of the produced product in a decentralized external storage in a decentralized manner.

Abstract: A method for measuring influence on a social network is provided. The method includes collecting social network service (SNS) data from an SNS, measuring a user influence index based on user account information among the SNS data and content information associated with the user account information, measuring an attribute influence value for an attribute included in image information based on the image information among the SNS data, measuring a product influence value for product information based on the user influence coefficient and the attribute influence value with respect to content including the product information, and curating the content including the product information based on the product influence value.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a semiconductor memory. The semiconductor memory comprises a first variable resistance element coupled between a first wiring and a second wiring, the first variable resistance element including a first variable resistance layer having a first width at a first distance from the first wiring; and a second variable resistance element coupled between the second wiring and a third wiring, the second variable resistance element including a second variable resistance layer having a second width at the first distance from the second wiring. The first width is greater than the second width.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a semiconductor memory. The semiconductor memory may include: row lines; column lines intersecting the row lines; memory cells located in intersection regions of the row lines and the column lines, the memory cells including upper and lower electrodes; and interface layers located between the lower electrodes of the memory cells and the row lines, the interface layers having a width narrower than that of the row lines.