Abstract: An electrostatic discharge protection circuit for liquid crystal displays. The liquid crystal display includes a plurality of crossing gate and data lines on a first substrate and a data shorting line and a gate shorting line. A plurality of first ESD protection units connect the gate shorting line to the gate lines, and a plurality of second ESD protection units connect the data shorting line to the data lines. Third ESD protection units connect the gate shorting line to the data shorting line. A common electrode is formed on a second substrate. A fourth ESD protection unit directly connects the common electrode to the data shorting line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, and a fabricating method thereof, wherein pixel electrodes are highly accurately located relative to opaque elements, such as gate lines, data lines, or auxilarly lines, beneficially by using opaque elements as masking elements when exposing a photosensitive layer through a substrate. The angle of the irradiating light through the substrate can be changed to achieve a desired relative location. A pixel electrode can be located within 1 &mgr;m of a data line. Image stain defects can be reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, a liquid crystal layer between the upper and lower substrates, a transparent electrode consisting of at least two layers of transparent material provided on at least one of the upper and lower substrates and a spacer material jetted onto the transparent electrode by an ink-jet system, wherein the spacer material has a hydrostatic property different from one of the at least two layers of the transparent electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a substrate, a thin film transistor provided at an area adjacent to an intersection of a gate line and a data line on the substrate, a protective layer provided on the substrate to cover the thin film transistor, a pixel electrode provided on the protective layer and connected through the protective layer to the thin film transistor, a first hole in a surface of the pixel electrode and positioned above an adjacent gate line and a spacer positioned within the first hole.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a color filter that is adaptive for reducing an exposure process of the color filter. In the method, a material layer for forming the color filter in which a color changes in accordance with an exposed light quantity is formed on a transparent substrate. Three primary color filters are formed by differentiating the amount of exposed light on the material layer.

Abstract: A PN sequence identifying device in a receiver in an asynchronous CDMA communication system. The receiver receives first OGCs on a primary sync channel and second OGCs on a secondary sync channel synchronized with the primary sync channel symbol by symbol. In the PN sequence identifying device, a first OGC detector detects the first OGCs and obtains a first symbol energy. A first synchronizer receives the first symbol energy, synchronizes chips, symbols, and slots, and outputs a first sync signal. A second OGC detector, upon reception of the first sync signal, detects the second OGCs each time the first sync signal is received, and obtains second symbol energies in base station identifying group units. A hopping pattern generator compares the first symbol energy with the second symbol energies, determines whether null signs are in the second OGCs, determines the order of the null signs if the null signs are present, and generates a hopping pattern of the second OGCs.

Abstract: A method for patterning includes filling ink in a recess of a cliché corresponding to a position of a pattern which will be formed, transferring the ink onto a surface of a transfer roll by rotating the transfer roll while the transfer roll is contacted to the cliché, detecting variation of the substrate by calculating the area of the substrate on which the ink is transferred, calculating moving speed of the substrate on a basis of the detected variation, and re-transferring the ink on the surface of the transfer roll onto the substrate by rotating the transfer roll when the transfer roll is contacted to the substrate while moving the substrate at the calculated moving speed.

Abstract: A display device using a micro light modulator that is capable of applying to various display apparatus. The display device has a plurality of fixed members installed parallel to each other over a substrate, the member being apart from each other; and a plurality of moveable members being driven with the fixed members by a statically electric force to switch a path of lights incident from the substrate.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge protection circuit for liquid crystal displays. The liquid crystal display includes a plurality of crossing gate and data lines on a first substrate and a data shorting line and a gate shorting line. A plurality of first ESD protection units connect the gate shorting line to the gate lines, and a plurality of second ESD protection units connect the data shorting line to the data lines. Third ESD protection units connect the gate shorting line to the data shorting line. A common electrode is formed on a second substrate. A fourth ESD protection unit directly connects the common electrode to the data shorting line.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate having a structure in which a thin film transistor array is formed on color filters. In the substrate, a thin film transistor is formed on the color filters. A smoothing layer compensates for step coverage between the color filters and is provided with a recess in which a gate electrode of the thin film transistor is to be formed. Accordingly, step coverage in the gate electrode is eliminated, so that it becomes possible to manufacture a large-dimension panel without a limitation to the thickness and profile of the gate electrode.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device is disclosed, in which an aperture ratio is increased by reducing an area of a drain electrode which applies an electrical signal to a pixel electrode of a pixel region. In the LCD device, a contact hole where the drain electrode of TFTs is electrically connected to the pixel electrode is formed over predetermined portions of the drain electrode and the pixel region.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate having a structure in which a thin film transistor array is formed on color filters. In the substrate, a thin film transistor is formed on the color filters. A smoothing layer compensates for step coverage between the color filters and is provided with a recess in which a gate electrode of the thin film transistor is to be formed. Accordingly, step coverage in the gate electrode is eliminated, so that it becomes possible to manufacture a large-dimension panel without a limitation to the thickness and profile of the gate electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, and a fabricating method thereof, wherein pixel electrodes are highly accurately located relative to opaque elements, such as gate lines, data lines, or auxilarly lines, beneficially by using opaque elements as masking elements when exposing a photosensitive layer through a substrate. The angle of the irradiating light through the substrate can be changed to achieve a desired relative location. A pixel electrode can be located within 1 &mgr;m of a data line. Image stain defects can be reduced.

Abstract: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device includes a flexible substrate, a buffer layer on the flexible substrate, a thin film transistor including a gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode on the buffer layer, and a pixel electrode on the thin film transistor.

Abstract: A frequency synchronizing device for an OFDM/CDMA communication system which exchanges data using an OFDM frame including OFDM symbols each comprised of a plurality of data samples, and a guard interval inserted at the head of each symbol to prevent interference between the symbols. The frequency synchronizing device comprises a frequency corrector for compensating for a frequency offset of received analog data according to a frequency correction signal; an analog/digital converter for converting the received analog data to OFDM frame; and a frequency synchronizer for detecting copy data which is used for creating the guard interval from the OFDM frame and is comprised of some data samples out of the OFDM symbols, to sequentially estimate coarse, regular and fine frequency offsets, and providing the frequency corrector with the frequency correction signal corresponding to the estimated frequency offsets.

Abstract: An AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) device and a method of controlling reception frequency in a dual-mode terminal. When a dual-mode terminal uses one or two AFC devices, the time required for acquiring tracking synchronization in a PLL circuit for a first frequency can be reduced using a test augmentation frequency which is an integer multiple of a tracking synchronization acquiring residual frequency of a PLL circuit for a second frequency to which the first frequency transitions for reliable synchronization acquisition. Errors with respect to an output dynamic range caused by use of two AFCs are reduced and thus the demodulation performance of a receiver is ensured by varying quantization bits of an A/D clock based on the dynamic range of residual errors in a frequency area. The demodulation performance can also be ensured by operating an ACPE circuit for an AFC device having many residual frequency errors.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a color filter that is adaptive for reducing an exposure process of the color filter. In the method, a material layer for forming the color filter in which a color changes in accordance with an exposed light quantity is formed on a transparent substrate. Three primary color filters are formed by differentiating the amount of exposed light on the material layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate having a structure in which a thin film transistor array is formed on color filters. In the substrate, a thin film transistor is formed on the color filters. A smoothing layer compensates for step coverage between the color filters and is provided with a recess in which a gate electrode of the thin film transistor is to be formed. Accordingly, step coverage in the gate electrode is eliminated, so that it becomes possible to manufacture a large-dimension panel without a limitation to the thickness and profile of the gate electrode.