Abstract: A printing method performed by an image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus receives job information of content, and generates payment amount information based on the job information of the content. The image forming apparatus receives payment method information from a user, and generates billing information by using the payment amount information and the payment method information. The image forming apparatus transmits the billing information to a payment system.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a first portion of a lower electrode structure on a substrate. The semiconductor device includes a first support pattern being in contact with a first portion of a sidewall of the first portion of the lower electrode structure. The semiconductor device includes a second portion of the lower electrode structure on a second portion of the sidewall of the first portion of the lower electrode structure. The semiconductor device includes an upper electrode on the second portion of the lower electrode structure and on the first support pattern. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes a dielectric layer between the upper electrode and the second portion of the lower electrode structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same, the device including a plurality of lower electrodes on a semiconductor substrate; a support pattern connecting the lower electrodes at sides of the lower electrodes; and a dielectric layer covering the lower electrodes and the support pattern, wherein each of the plurality of lower electrodes includes a pillar portion extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to a top surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a protrusion protruding from a sidewall of the pillar portion so as to be in contact with the support pattern, the pillar portion includes a conductive material, the protrusion includes a same conductive material as the pillar portion and is further doped with impurities.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a first portion of a lower electrode structure on a substrate. The semiconductor device includes a first support pattern being in contact with a first portion of a sidewall of the first portion of the lower electrode structure. The semiconductor device includes a second portion of the lower electrode structure on a second portion of the sidewall of the first portion of the lower electrode structure. The semiconductor device includes an upper electrode on the second portion of the lower electrode structure and on the first support pattern. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes a dielectric layer between the upper electrode and the second portion of the lower electrode structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a capacitor having a bottom electrode and a top electrode, a dielectric layer between the bottom and top electrodes, and an interface layer between the top electrode and the dielectric layer, the interface layer including a metal oxide and an additional constituent at a grain boundary of the interface layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a capacitor having a bottom electrode and a top electrode, a dielectric layer between the bottom and top electrodes, and an interface layer between the top electrode and the dielectric layer, the interface layer including a metal oxide and an additional constituent at a grain boundary of the interface layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display panel and a display device using the same. The display panel includes a pixel array in which a plurality of data lines, a plurality of gate lines crossing the data lines, and a plurality of pixels are disposed; a first gate driver configured to supply a gate signal to gate lines connected to pixels disposed in a first area of the pixel array; and a second gate driver configured to receive a carry signal from the first gate driver and supply a gate signal to gate lines connected to pixels disposed in a second area of the pixel array. The second gate driver includes a signal transmission unit disposed in the pixel array to receive the carry signal from the first gate driver.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, first and second supporter patterns stacked sequentially on the substrate in a first direction and spaced apart from an upper surface of the substrate, a lower electrode hole that extends through the first and second supporter patterns on the substrate in the first direction, an interface film on side walls and a bottom surface of the lower electrode hole, a lower electrode inside of the lower electrode hole on the interface film, a capacitor dielectric film that is in physical contact with side walls of the interface film, an uppermost surface of the interface film, and an uppermost surface of the lower electrode, the uppermost surface of the interface film is formed on a same plane as an upper surface of the second supporter pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same, the device including a plurality of lower electrodes on a semiconductor substrate; a support pattern connecting the lower electrodes at sides of the lower electrodes; and a dielectric layer covering the lower electrodes and the support pattern, wherein each of the plurality of lower electrodes includes a pillar portion extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to a top surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a protrusion protruding from a sidewall of the pillar portion so as to be in contact with the support pattern, the pillar portion includes a conductive material, the protrusion includes a same conductive material as the pillar portion and is further doped with impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a capsule comprising a pigment and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a capsule which comprises therein a pigment inside which is likely to be discolored due to external environment, and thereby can easily crack or break and cause color development when applied to the skin, while isolating the pigment from the external environment, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: An electronic device and an operating method of an electronic device are provided. The operating method includes obtaining first policy information including device information of a first image forming apparatus and information of a payment process with respect to the first image forming apparatus, preparing one or more applications used for driving the first image forming apparatus or used for the payment process, based on the first policy information, receiving a request for a first job of the first image forming apparatus and generating, based on the first policy information, first charging information corresponding to the first job, calling a first application from among the one or more applications used to pay a first payment amount based on the first charging information, and, when the first payment amount is paid via the first application, controlling the first image forming apparatus to perform the first job.

Abstract: A method for auto-generating an AutoCAD drawing includes providing an interface for extracting only input data required for drawing equipment from strength calculation data, displaying all components and nozzles constituting the equipment and providing or correcting information thereon. The AutoCAD drawing is automatically generated based on information on all components constituting the equipment and nozzles.

Abstract: A display device and a driving method thereof are discussed. This display device receives first and second input reference voltages, generates gamma reference voltages having different voltage levels, receives each of the gamma reference voltages, and generates a data voltage of pixel data. The first and second input reference voltages and the reference voltage are changed according to a variation of the pixel driving voltage.

Abstract: A method in which a server recognizes and determines an object in an image may include calculating a feature map including an object feature point within the image by learning the image based on a first model, calculating compression feature information by compressing the feature map based on a first filter, inputting the compression feature information for each at least one layer and calculating respective prediction information by learning the compression feature information for each layer based on a second model, and calculating prediction result information by determining whether the respective prediction information sequentially exceeds a predetermined threshold value in order from a top layer.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a conductive region on a substrate and a lower electrode structure including a main electrode part spaced apart from the conductive region and a bridge electrode part between the main electrode part and the conductive region. A dielectric layer contacts an outer sidewall of the main electrode part. To manufacture the integrated circuit device, a preliminary bridge electrode layer is formed in a hole of a mold pattern on the substrate, and the main electrode part is formed on the preliminary bridge electrode layer in the hole. The mold pattern is removed to expose a sidewall of the preliminary bridge electrode layer, and a portion of the preliminary electrode part is removed to form the bridge electrode part. The dielectric layer is formed to contact the outer sidewall of the main electrode part.

Abstract: An electronic device and an operating method of an electronic device are provided. The operating method includes obtaining first policy information including device information of a first image forming apparatus and information of a payment process with respect to the first image forming apparatus, preparing one or more applications used for driving the first image forming apparatus or used for the payment process, based on the first policy information, receiving a request for a first job of the first image forming apparatus and generating, based on the first policy information, first charging information corresponding to the first job, calling a first application from among the one or more applications used to pay a first payment amount based on the first charging information, and, when the first payment amount is paid via the first application, controlling the first image forming apparatus to perform the first job.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus and a method for random access in a wireless communication system having a base station and wireless terminals, where the wireless terminal can select a detection sub-segment from a preamble detection segment that is divided into a multiple number of detection sub-segments, transmit a random access preamble with the timing adjusted such that the random access preamble is received at the base station in the selected detection sub-segment, and when a random access response message is received from the base station, transmit a terminal identification message to the base station and receive a contention resolution message from the base station.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a conductive region on a substrate and a lower electrode structure including a main electrode part spaced apart from the conductive region and a bridge electrode part between the main electrode part and the conductive region. A dielectric layer contacts an outer sidewall of the main electrode part. To manufacture the integrated circuit device, a preliminary bridge electrode layer is formed in a hole of a mold pattern on the substrate, and the main electrode part is formed on the preliminary bridge electrode layer in the hole. The mold pattern is removed to expose a sidewall of the preliminary bridge electrode layer, and a portion of the preliminary electrode part is removed to form the bridge electrode part. The dielectric layer is formed to contact the outer sidewall of the main electrode part.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a lower electrode structure, an upper electrode structure, and a dielectric layer between the lower and upper electrode structures and on side surfaces and an upper surface of the lower electrode structure. The lower electrode structure includes a first lower electrode pattern having a cylindrical shape, a barrier layer on the first lower electrode pattern, and a second lower electrode pattern in a space defined by the barrier layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a capacitor having a bottom electrode and a top electrode, a dielectric layer between the bottom and top electrodes, and an interface layer between the top electrode and the dielectric layer, the interface layer including a metal oxide and an additional constituent at a grain boundary of the interface layer.