Abstract: Metal alloys for dental porcelain fusing and dental prosthetic appliances are provided. The metal alloy includes: gold (Au) in an amount that is greater than 0 and equal to or smaller than 35 weight %; silver (Ag) in an amount of 5 to 35 weight %; indium (In) in an amount of 6 to 40 weight %; palladium (Pd) in an amount of 30 to 70 weight %; and at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron (B), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), silicon (Si) and iron (Fe) in a total amount that is greater than 0 and equal to or smaller than 5.0 weight %.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel including first and second substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, each of the first and second substrates defining a central display region and a peripheral non-display regions; a cover glass integrated touch sensor on the liquid crystal panel, the touch sensor including a plurality of transparent first electrodes and second electrodes formed on a surface of the cover glass facing the liquid crystal panel, wherein the first electrodes and second electrodes cross each other; and a touch signal applicator at a side of the cover glass away from the display region of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel including first and second substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, each of the first and second substrates defining a central display region and a peripheral non-display regions; a cover glass integrated touch sensor on the liquid crystal panel, the touch sensor including a plurality of transparent first electrodes and second electrodes formed on a surface of the cover glass facing the liquid crystal panel, wherein the first electrodes and second electrodes cross each other; and a touch signal applicator at a side of the cover glass away from the display region of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel including first and second substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, each of the first and second substrates defining a central display region and a peripheral non-display region; a cover glass integrated touch sensor on the liquid crystal panel, the touch sensor including a plurality of transparent first electrodes and second electrodes formed on a surface of the cover glass facing the liquid crystal panel, wherein the first electrodes and second electrodes cross each other; and a touch signal applicator at a side of the cover glass away from the display region of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory and a mapping control apparatus and method of the same are disclosed, whereby block state information is changed depending on an operation performed by the nonvolatile memory to efficiently access a flash memory. The mapping control apparatus comprises a nonvolatile memory that has an area divided into blocks and stores block state information representing the state of written data, and a control unit that determines a block for a data operation through the block state information when the data operation is performed in the nonvolatile memory, and that updates the block state information depending on the result of the performed data operation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel including first and second substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, each of the first and second substrates defining a central display region and a peripheral non-display region; a cover glass integrated touch sensor on the liquid crystal panel, the touch sensor including a plurality of transparent first electrodes and second electrodes formed on a surface of the cover glass facing the liquid crystal panel, wherein the first electrodes and second electrodes cross each other; and a touch signal applicator at a side of the cover glass away from the display region of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device in which a touch panel is embedded in a liquid crystal panel, which reduces the number of processes and eases assembly. The liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates opposite each other, a thin film transistor array formed on the first substrate, a touch sensing part formed on the second substrate including a plurality of transparent X electrodes, a plurality of transparent Y electrodes orthogonally intersecting each other and a first transparent insulating film between the X electrodes and the Y electrodes, a color filter array formed on the touch sensing part, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the thin film transistor array and the color filter array.

Abstract: A mapping algorithm for efficient access to a flash memory, wherein block state information that is changed through logical operations required by a processor is written in the flash memory according to a predetermined state transition algorithm and the changed information is referred to upon read/write operations. A mapping control apparatus for a flash memory according to the present invention includes a flash memory having regions divided on a block basis and containing block state information indicating the state of each block, each block including a predetermined number of sectors; and a processor for determining a sector on which a predetermined logical operation is to be performed based on the block state information and updating the block state information according to a predetermined state transition algorithm, when the logical operation is required for the flash memory.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory and a mapping control apparatus and method of the same are disclosed, whereby block state information is changed depending on an operation performed by the nonvolatile memory to efficiently access a flash memory. The mapping control apparatus comprises a nonvolatile memory that has an area divided into blocks and stores block state information representing the state of written data, and a control unit that determines a block for a data operation through the block state information when the data operation is performed in the nonvolatile memory, and that updates the block state information depending on the result of the performed data operation.

Abstract: A mapping algorithm for efficient access to a flash memory, wherein block state information that is changed through logical operations required by a processor is written in the flash memory according to a predetermined state transition algorithm and the changed information is referred to upon read/write operations. A mapping control apparatus for a flash memory according to the present invention includes a flash memory having regions divided on a block basis and containing block state information indicating the state of each block, each block including a predetermined number of sectors; and a processor for determining a sector on which a predetermined logical operation is to be performed based on the block state information and updating the block state information according to a predetermined state transition algorithm, when the logical operation is required for the flash memory.