Abstract: This application proposes the use of rechargeable and replaceable zinc cartridges to expand cycle life and lifetime of nickel-zinc and silver-zinc batteries. Two types of possible battery cell assemblies are demonstrated: a battery that includes face-to-back arrangement of cells, and side-by-side linked flat batteries that can be used as wall mounted batteries. An improved composition of the replaceable zinc electrode is suggested.

Abstract: The three electrode zinc-air cell with replaceable and rechargeable zinc anode has been improved to increase battery performance. The electroactive composition of the replaceable zinc anode includes expanded graphite and a conjugated polymer, and the sizes of zinc particles are in the range 30nm-5000nm. The current collector of the zinc anode includes alloys of lead, bismuth or indium. The replaceable zinc cartridge can be used with a metal-air battery to produce electricity, and a hydrogen-on-demand system to generate hydrogen.

Abstract: This application proposes the use of rechargeable and replaceable zinc cartridges to expand cycle life and lifetime of nickel-zinc and silver-zinc batteries. Two types of possible battery cell assemblies are demonstrated: a battery that includes face-to-back arrangement of cells, and side-by-side linked flat batteries that can be used as wall mounted batteries. An improved composition of the replaceable zinc electrode is suggested.

Abstract: This invention proposes metal complexes of polyphenylenediamines as the precursors of carbonized materials used as the air electrode catalysts. Method of production includes mixing phenylenediamine monomer with a catalyst carrier in a solvent, and adding an oxidant with metal salt to produce a metal complex of polyphenylenediamine. After drying the precursor is heat treated in the temperature range 400 C.°-1000 C.° in nitrogen. Then the catalyst is leached and heat treated once again. In a modified procedure the heat treatment is carried out in air while leaching and subsequent thermal treatment are eliminated. The catalyst has demonstrated high performance and stability as the component of the air electrode of a metal-air battery.

Abstract: Rechargeable and replaceable zinc cartridges have been used as the components of nickel-zinc batteries. The battery life of a zinc battery is extended by periodic replacing of the zinc anodes at about 10% of the battery cost. Flat modules that include several cells interconnected with channels are used as basic elements of a flat battery. A home wall battery is produced by assembling the modules using rotational joints. The performance of the zinc current collectors is improved by deposition of Zn—Cu—Bi alloy. Zinc composition is formulated using additives of polyphenylenediamines and zirconium hollow fibers.

Abstract: A three electrode metal-air cell with a mechanically replaceable and electrochemically rechargeable metal anode has been proposed. The functions of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution are split between two air electrodes that form the cell walls. The metal composition of the replaceable metal anode includes a conjugated polymer additive. The current collector of the metal anode has the shape of a spiral spring and is made of alloy of zinc, tin, lead, bismuth or indium. The replaceable metal anode can be used as a universal energy storage unit that produces electricity as the anode of a metal-air battery or hydrogen as the anode of a hydrogen-on-demand generator.

Abstract: This invention proposes metal complexes of polyphenylenediamines as the precursors of carbonized materials used as air electrode catalysts. Method of production includes mixing phenylenediamine monomer with a catalyst carrier in a solvent and adding an oxidant with metal salt to produce a metal complex of polyphenylenediamine. After drying the precursor is heat treated in the temperature range 400° C.-1000° C.° in nitrogen. Then the catalyst is leached and heat treated once again. In a modified procedure the heat treatment is carried out in air while leaching and subsequent thermal treatment are eliminated. The catalyst has demonstrated high performance and stability as the component of the air electrode of a metal-air battery.

Abstract: The electrochemical regeneration of a replaceable metal electrode of a metal-air battery takes place in a supplementary electrochemical cell with a chemical agent oxidized on the counter electrode. The decrease of the regeneration voltage at the supplementary electrochemical cell results in the growth of the regeneration efficiency. The creation of a commercial product during chemical agent oxidation on the counter electrode decreases the overall cost of the regeneration. Possible chemical agents for regeneration include salts, metal complexes, monomers, conjugated organic molecules, oligomers or polymers.