Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to apparatuses and methods for a skin perfusion pressure determination device.

Abstract: Disclosed are therapeutic compositions and methods for inducing an immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV). More particularly, disclosed is a method for inducing an immune response in a subject by introducing and expressing a nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogenic HPV antigen.

Abstract: Disclosed are therapeutic compositions and methods for inducing an immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV). More particularly, disclosed is a method for inducing an immune response in a subject by introducing and expressing a nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogenic HPV antigen.

Abstract: Disclosed are therapeutic compositions and methods for inducing an immune response to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). More particularly, the invention relates to a method for inducing an immune response in a subject by introducing and expressing an HSV gD2-encoding DNA vaccine.

Abstract: A method of providing papilloma virus like particles which may be used for diagnostic purposes or for incorporation in a vaccine for use in relation to infections caused by papilloma virus. The method includes an initial step of constructing one or more recombinant DNA molecules which each encode papilloma virus L1 protein or a combination of papilloma virus L1 protein and papilloma virus L2 protein followed by a further step of transfecting a suitable host cell with one or more of the recombinant DNA molecules so that virus like particles (VLPs) are produced within the cell after expression of the L1 or combination of L1 and L2 proteins. The VLPs are also claimed per se as well as vaccines incorporating the VLPs.

Abstract: A method of providing papilloma virus like particles which may be used for diagnostic purposes or for incorporation in a vaccine for use in relation to infections caused by papilloma virus. The method includes an initial step of constructing one or more recombinant DNA molecules which each encode papilloma virus L1 protein or a combination of papilloma virus L1 protein and papilloma virus L2 protein followed by a further step of transfecting a suitable host cell with one or more of the recombinant DNA molecules so that virus like particles (VLPs) are produced within the cell after expression of the L1 or combination of L1 and L2 proteins. The VLPs are also claimed per se as well as vaccines incorporating the VLPs.

Abstract: A method of providing papilloma virus like particles which may be used for diagnostic purposes or for incorporation in a vaccine for use in related to infections caused by papilloma virus. The method includes an initial step of constructing one or more recombinant DNA molecules which each encode papilloma virus L1 protein or a combination of papilloma virus L1 protein and papilloma virus L2 protein followed by a further step of transfecting a suitable host cell with one or more of the recombinant DNA molecules so that virus like particles (VLPs) are produced within the cell after expression of the L1 or the combination of L1 and L2 proteins. The VLPs are also claimed per se as well as vaccines incorporating the VLPs.

Abstract: A method of providing papilloma virus like particles which may be used for diagnostic purposes or for incorporation in a vaccine for use in relation to infections caused by papilloma virus. The method includes an initial step of constructing one or more recombinant DNA molecules which each encode papilloma virus L1 protein or a combination of papilloma virus L1 protein and papilloma virus L2 protein followed by a further step of transfecting a suitable host cell with one or more of the recombinant DNA molecules so that virus like particles (VLPs) are produced within the cell after expression of the L1 or combination of L1 and L2 proteins. The VLPs are also claimed per se as well as vaccines incorporating the VLPs.

Abstract: A method of making a genetically modified mammalian cell, the method including selecting a first codon of a parent polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide for replacement with a synonymous codon, wherein the synonymous codon is selected on the basis that it exhibits a higher translational efficiency in a first type of mammalian cell than the first codon in a comparison of translational efficiencies of codons in cells of the first type, replacing the first codon with the synonymous codon to form a synthetic polynucleotide, and introducing the synthetic polynucleotide into a mammalian cell to produce the genetically modified mammalian cell.

Abstract: This invention relates to treatment of papillomavirus infections. Primarily there is provided a method of treatment of an existing papillomavirus (PV) infection which includes the step of administration of PV VLPs selected from the group consisting of PV L1 VLPs and PV L1/L2 VLPs to a patient suffering from the PV infection. Suitably the PV infection is characterised by the presence of epithelial lesions. The major infection which is treated are gential warts caused by HPV 6 and HPV 11.

Abstract: A method of providing papillomavirus like particles which may be used for diagnostic purposes or for incorporation in a vaccine for use in relation to infections causd by papillomavirus. The method includes an initial step of constructing one or more recombinant DNA molecules which each encode papillomavirus L1 protein or a combination of papillomavirus L1 protein and papillomavirus L2 protein followed by a further step of transfecting a suitable host cell with one or more of the recombinant DNA molecules so that virus like particles (VLPs) are produced within the cell after expression of the L1 or combination of L1 and L2 proteins. The VLPs are also claimed per se as well as vaccines incorporating the VLPs.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for modulating the quality of a selected phenotype that is displayed by an organism or part thereof and that results from the expression of a polypeptide-encoding polynucleotide by replacing at least one codon of that polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower preference of usage by the organism or part thereof to produce the selected phenotype than the codon it replaces. The present invention is also directed to the use of a codon-modified polynucleotide so constructed for modulating the quality of a selected phenotype displayed by an organism or part thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to treatment of papillomavirus infections. Primarily there is provided a method of treatment of an existing papillomavirus (PV) infection which includes the step of administration of PV VLPs selected from the group consisting of PV L1 VLPs and PV L1/L2 VLPs to a patient suffering from the PV infection. Suitably the PV infection is characterised by the presence of epithelial lesions. The major infection which is treated are gential warts caused by HPV 6 and HPV 11.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for modulating the production of a protein from a polynucleotide in a CHO cell by replacing at least one codon of the polynucleotide with a synonymous codon that has a higher or lower translation efficiency in the CHO cell than the codon it replaces, or by introducing into the CHO cell a polynucleotide that codes for an iso-tRNA which limits the rate of production of the polypeptide and which corresponds to a codon of the first polynucleotide. The present invention also discloses the use of a protein-encoding polynucleotide whose codon composition has been modified for enhanced production of the protein in CHO cells.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining the translational efficiency of an individual codon in a cell. The method includes introducing into the cell a synthetic construct including a reporter polynucleotide fused in frame with a tandem repeat of the individual codon, wherein the reporter polynucleotide encodes a reporter protein, and wherein the synthetic construct is operably linked to a regulatory polynucleotide; and measuring expression of the reporter protein in the cell to determine the translational efficiency of the codon.

Abstract: This invention relates to treatment of papillomavirus infections. Primarily there is provided a method of treatment of an existing papillomavirus (PV) infection which includes the step of administration of PV VLPs selected from the group consisting of PV L1 VLPs and PV L1/L2 VLPs to a patient suffering from the PV infection. Suitably the PV infection is characterised by the presence of epithelial lesions. The major infection which is treated are gential warts caused by HPV 6 and HPV 11.

Abstract: A method of providing papillomavirus like particles which may be used for diagnostic purposes or for incorporation in a vaccine for use in relation to infections causd by papillomavirus. The method includes an initial step of constructing one or more recombinant DNA molecules which each encode papillomavirus L1 protein or a combination of papillomavirus L1 protein and papillomavirus L2 protein followed by a further step of transfecting a suitable host cell with one or more of the recombinant DNA molecules so that virus like particles (VLPs) are produced within the cell after expression of the L1 or combination of L1 and L2 proteins. The VLPs are also claimed per se as well as vaccines incorporating the VLPs.

Abstract: A papillomavirus polyprotein construct comprises at least two amino acid sequences fused directly or indirectly together, each of the sequences being the sequence of an early ORF protein of papillomavirus or an immunogenic variant or fragment thereof, and at least one of said sequences being other than the E6 or E7 protein sequence or an immunogenic variant or fragment thereof. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the polyprotein construct, prophylactic or therapeutic compositions comprising the polyprotein construct or the nucleic acid molecule, and methods for eliciting an immune response against papillomavirus in a host animal are also provided.

Abstract: A method of providing papillomavirus like articles which may be used for diagnostic purposes or for incorporation in a vaccine for use in relation to infections causd by papillomavirus. The method includes an initial step of constructing one or more recombinant DNA molecules which each encode papillomavirus L1 protein or a combination of papillomavirus L1 protein and papillomavirus L2 protein followed by a further step of transfecting a suitable host cell with one or more of the recombinant DNA molecules so that virus like particles (VLPs) are produced within the cell after expression of the L1 or combination of L1 and L2 proteins. The VLPs are also claimed per se as well as vaccines incorporating the VLPs.

Abstract: Peptides, antibodies and recombinant expression systems or cells that contain and express a DNA insert of HPV encoding a region of a papilloma induced or a papilloma protein, such as E6 or E7, are produced. Compositions containing these peptides, antibodies and/or recombinant cells are utilized as immunogenic compositions and in methods for inhibiting and treating HPV infection and tumor initiation and progression. Specific peptides and recombinant cells, such as vaccinia virus and tumor cells, that express epitopic regions of the HPV16 E6 or E7 nucleoprotein are particularly described.