Abstract: The fine particle is a silicon-containing fine particle, wherein the number-average diameter of the fine particle is 0.05 ?m to 0.30 ?m; the proportion of the silicon atom with reference to the total of the elements is at least 20% according to fluorescent x-ray measurement of the fine particle; and, with respect to the silicon atom proportions measured in analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy while irradiating with Ar-K? radiation and etching, the proportions of silicon atoms having prescribed structures vary at prescribed depths.

Abstract: A toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin having a first resin and a second resin. The first resin is a crystalline resin, the second resin is an amorphous resin, and the first resin has a first monomer unit, a second monomer unit and a third monomer unit, each having a specific structure. A content of the first monomer unit a content of the third monomer unit in the first resin, and an SP value of the second monomer unit all satisfy a specific ranges, and the second resin contains at least one vinyl-based resin and/or specific hybrid resin, with a cross section of the toner having a domain-matrix structure formed of a matrix including the first resin and domains including the second resin, a number average diameter of the domains being 0.10 to 2.00 ?m.

Abstract: A two component developer comprising a toner and a specific magnetic carrier, wherein a toner particle in the toner comprises a surface layer comprising an organosilicon polymer, electrical conductivity of a filtrate obtained by filtering off the toner using a specific procedure is 1.0 to 2.5 ?S/cm, and when dC (atomic %) denotes carbon concentration, dO (atomic %) denotes oxygen concentration and dSi (atomic %) denotes silicon concentration, as measured by ESCA, at the surface of the toner particle, then the dC, the dO and the dSi satisfy the following formulae: 40.0?dC/(dC+dO+dSi)×100?60.0 10.0?dSi/(dC+dO+dSi)×100?26.0.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fine particle containing silicon, wherein the fine particle has a number-average particle diameter of a primary particle of 0.05 ?m or more and 0.20 ?m or less, wherein the fine particle contains a silicon atom at a ratio of 20% or more with respect to all elements in measurement by X-ray fluorescence.

Abstract: A toner having: a toner particle containing a binder resin including a first resin and a second resin; and an inorganic fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the first resin has a specific content ratio of a specific monomer unit, acid values of the first unit and second unit are within specific ranges, a domain matrix structure including a matrix containing the first resin and domains containing the second resin appears in cross-sectional observation of the toner, a compound having an alkyl group is present on a surface of the inorganic fine particle, and a volume resistivity of the inorganic fine particle is 1.0×105 ?·cm to 1.0×1013 ?·cm.

Abstract: A toner having: a toner particle containing a binder resin including a first resin that is a crystalline resin and a second resin that is an amorphous resin; and a fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the first resin contains a specific ratio of a specific monomer unit, an acid value of the first resin and an acid value of the second resin arc within specific ranges, a domain-matrix structure formed of a matrix containing the first resin and domains containing the second resin appears in cross -sectional observation of the toner, and the fine particle has on the surface a compound containing nitrogen atoms bound or adsorbed thereon.

Abstract: A toner is provided, which has a toner particle containing a binder resin including a first resin and a second resin, wherein the first resin is a crystalline resin, the second resin is an amorphous resin, the first resin contains a specific amount of a first monomer unit having a specific structure, an acid value of the first resin and an acid value of the second resin are within specific ranges, a domain-matrix structure formed of a matrix containing the first resin and domains containing the second resin appears in cross-sectional observation of the toner, the toner particle contains a multivalent metal element, the multivalent metal element is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Al, Fe and Zn, and a total content of the multivalent metal element is within a specific range.

Abstract: A fine particle of a silicon polymer, wherein the fine particle has pores; the total pore volume of the fine particle is 0.35 to 1.00 cm3/g; a number-average primary particle diameter of the fine particle is 0.05 to 0.30 ?m; the silicon polymer has a siloxane bond and an Si—R1 bond; R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and designating, with reference to a chart obtained by 29Si-NMR measurement of the fine particle, A as a total peak area corresponding to the silicon polymer, and B as a peak area corresponding to Si—R1, A and B satisfy a following formula (1): 10.0?B/A×100?45.0 ??(1).

Abstract: A fine particle of a silicon polymer having a siloxane group and a silanol group, wherein a moisture adsorption amount of the fine particle at a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 80% RH is from 1.0 mg/g to 22.0 mg/g, an amount of the silanol group of the fine particle measured by a titration method using KOH is from 0.012 mmol/g to 0.120 mmol/g, and a number average particle diameter of primary particle of the fine particle is from 0.05 ?m to 0.30 ?m.

Abstract: An external additive for toner comprising a particle of a silicon polymer having a siloxane bond and a Si—R1 bond, wherein the R1 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in a chart obtained by 29Si—NMR measurement of the external additive, where a total peak area attributed to the external additive is denoted by A, and a peak area attributed to the Si—R1 bond is denoted by B, a following formula (1) is satisfied, and in the chart obtained by 29Si—NMR measurement of the external additive, where a total peak area attributed to the silicon polymer is denoted by SA, and a peak area attributed to a T unit structure is denoted by S3, a following formula (2) is satisfied; 0.26 ? 0 ? B / A ? 0 ? .450 ( 1 ) 0.00 ? S ? ? 3 / SA ? 0 ? .50 .

Abstract: An external additive for toner comprising a particle of a silicon polymer having a siloxane bond and a Si—O—C bond, wherein in an FT-IR spectrum of the external additive obtained by an ATR method, a maximum peak is present in a range of from 1030 cm?1 to 1070 cm?1, where an average intensity in a range of from 1015 cm?1 to 1025 cm?1 of the spectrum is denoted by A and an average intensity in a range of from 1085 cm?1 to 1095 cm?1 is denoted by B, the A and the B satisfy a following formula (1): 0 . 5 ? 5 ? A / B ? 1.5 .

Abstract: An external additive for toner, wherein the external additive is an organosilicon polymer particle, and defining A (nm) as the number-average particle diameter of primary particles of the external additive measured using a scanning electron microscope, and defining B (nm) as the number-average particle diameter of the external additive measured in accordance with a centrifugal sedimentation method, the A and the B satisfy a following Expression (1): 1.5?B/A?3.0??(1).

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle that contains a binder resin, and an inorganic fine particle, wherein the inorganic fine particle contains aggregated particles; the aggregated particles contain primary particles of at least one metal salt selected from the group consisting of titanate metal salts and zirconate metal salts; the primary particles have a number-average particle diameter of from 15 nm to 55 nm; the aggregated particles have an aggregation diameter of from 80 nm to 300 nm, the aggregated particles have a volume resistivity of from 2×109 ?·cm to 2×1013 ?·cm; and the aggregated particles cover a surface of the toner particle, and a coverage ratio of the aggregated particles with respect to the surface of the toner particle is from 0.3 area % to 10.0 area %.

Abstract: A toner having a toner particle containing a binder resin having a first resin and a second resin, wherein the first resin is a crystalline resin, the second resin is an amorphous resin, the first resin has a first monomer unit, a second monomer unit and a third monomer unit each having specific structure, a content of the first monomer unit and a content of the third monomer unit in the first resin satisfy specific range, and an SP value of the second monomer unit satisfies specific range, the second resin contains at least one of resin selected from the group consisting of a vinyl-based resin and a specific hybrid resin, a cross section of the toner has a domain-matrix structure formed of a matrix including the first resin and domains including the second resin, and a number average diameter of the domains is 0.10 to 2.00 ?m.

Abstract: A toner having: a toner particle containing a binder resin including a first resin and a second resin; and an inorganic fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the first resin has a specific content ratio of a specific monomer unit, acid values of the first unit and second unit are within specific ranges, a domain matrix structure including a matrix containing the first resin and domains containing the second resin appears in cross-sectional observation of the toner, a compound having an alkyl group is present on a surface of the inorganic fine particle, and a volume resistivity of the inorganic fine particle is 1.0×105 ?·cm to 1.0×1013 ?·cm.

Abstract: A toner is provided, which has a toner particle containing a binder resin including a first resin and a second resin, wherein the first resin is a crystalline resin, the second resin is an amorphous resin, the first resin contains a specific amount of a first monomer unit having a specific structure, an acid value of the first resin and an acid value of the second resin are within specific ranges, a domain-matrix structure formed of a matrix containing the first resin and domains containing the second resin appears in cross-sectional observation of the toner, the toner particle contains a multivalent metal element, the multivalent metal element is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Al, Fe and Zn, and a total content of the multivalent metal element is within a specific range.

Abstract: A magnetic carrier comprising a magnetic carrier particle having a magnetic carrier particle having a magnetic carrier core particle and a resin coat layer formed on the magnetic carrier core particle surface, and inorganic fine particles A present on a surface of the magnetic carrier particle, wherein each of the inorganic fine particles A has a rectangular parallelepiped particle shape, the inorganic fine particles A have D1 of 10 to 60 nm, the inorganic fine particles A are inorganic particles which have been surface treated with a surface treatment agent or silane coupling agent-treated particles, SP1 of the resin coat layer and SP2 of the surface treatment agent satisfies SP1?SP2?14.00, and the coverage ratio of the magnetic carrier surface by the inorganic fine particles A as measured by ESCA is 5.0 to 20.0 atom %: and a two-component developer comprising at least the magnetic carrier and a toner.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle that includes a binder resin and a crystalline polyester; and inorganic fine particles on the toner particle surface, wherein a content of the crystalline polyester is 0.5 to 20.0 mass parts per 100 mass parts of the binder resin; in the toner cross section, domains of the crystalline polyester are present in a dispersed state, the percentage for areas of these crystalline polyester domains in the region to a depth of 0.50 ?m from a contour of the toner particle is at least 10%, the number average of lengths of a major axis is 120 nm to 1000 nm, and the number average of aspect ratios is not more than 4; a dielectric constant of the inorganic fine particles is 25 to 300 pF/m; and a coverage ratio by the inorganic fine particles on the toner particle surface is 5% to 60%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a collaborative robot system in which a robot and a worker share tasks and perform the tasks. The collaborative robot system including: a work-time-measurement-unit that measures work time for locations assigned to the worker and the robot; a difference-at-increase/decrease-prediction-unit that predicts a difference between the work time of the worker and the robot, when the number of locations assigned to the worker is increased or decreased; an assigned-location-adjustment-unit that increases or decreases the number of locations so that the difference in the work time becomes smaller, in a case in which a predicted-difference-value based on the work time of the worker and the robot, when the number of locations assigned to the worker is maintained is greater than the predicted-difference-value; and an assigned-location-indication-unit that indicates the locations assigned to the worker after the number of assigned locations is increased or decreased.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle that includes a binder resin and a crystalline polyester; and inorganic fine particles on the toner particle surface, wherein a content of the crystalline polyester is 0.5 to 20.0 mass parts per 100 mass parts of the binder resin; in the toner cross section, domains of the crystalline polyester are present in a dispersed state, the percentage for areas of these crystalline polyester domains in the region to a depth of 0.50 ?m from a contour of the toner particle is at least 10%, the number average of lengths of a major axis is 120 nm to 1000 nm, and the number average of aspect ratios is not more than 4; a dielectric constant of the inorganic fine particles is 25 to 300 pF/m; and a coverage ratio by the inorganic fine particles on the toner particle surface is 5% to 60%.