Abstract: In a cross-connect apparatus for use in selectively connecting a plurality of input transmission paths to a plurality of output transmission paths, each of the input and the output transmission paths is divided into first through m-th groups each of which is composed of first through n-th transmission paths, first through m-th elementary switch modules are located between the input and the output transmission paths, n in number, of the first through the m-th groups and are connected to a connection switch module through first to m-th input internal path groups each of which is composed of n internal paths and which are extended into first through m-th switch units each of which has input terminals, n(m-1) in number, and output terminals, n in number, where n and m are natural numbers. An i-th one of the switch units in the connection switch module is connected to the input path groups, (m-1) in number, except an i-th internal path group, where i is a natural number between unity and m, both inclusive.

Abstract: A parallel pulse transmission system, wherein the sending side converts original signals into line coded signals of a block coding type (mBnB line codes, m/2.gtoreq.2/3, n.gtoreq.3) and transmits them after aligning the timings of the blocks receiving side. The regenerates of the systems transmitted line codes and thereafter, aligns the timings of blocks of the line codes.